2.soluble cytokine receptor PartⅣ Biological functions of

January 8, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Ilmu, Health Science, Imunologi
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SITOKIN -Sekresi protein yang menjembatani dan mengatur sistem imun, inflamasi dan hematopoiesis -Sitokin diproduksi sebagai respon stimulus dari proses imunitas -Sitokin biasanya bekerja dalam waktu yang singkat, jarak antar sel yg dekat, dan dalam jumlah (konsentrasi) yang sangat kecil -Sitokin bekerja dengan melekat pada membran reseptor yg spesifik, kemudian memberi signal pd sel melalui messenger kedua (sering terjadi enzim tyrosinkinase merusak kejadian tersebut)

Sekresi sitokin oleh: • • • •

Limfosit Monosit Sitosin yg aktif dlm khemotaktik Sebagai media antar leukosit

limfokin monokin khemokin interleukin(IL)

Reseptor sitokin

Sitokin • Tidak seperti hormon yg tersimpan dalam kelenjar(dlm btk molekul), sitokin cepat disintesis dan disekresikan oleh sel yg berbeda setelah ada stimulus

Sitokin

Aktivitas sitokin • Berefek thdp sel yg mensekresinya sendiri • Berefek thdp sel didekatnya • Berefek pada sel yg sama tp berjauhan

autokrin parakrin endokrin

• Produser sitokin paling banyak adalah: sel –Th dan makrofag

Efek sitokin • • • • •

Pleiotropism Redunden Sinergik Antagonis Membentuk network sitokin

Pleiotropism • Kemampuan satu sitokin untuk dapat menyebabkan multiplikasi dari tipe sel target

Redunden • Multipel sitokin mempunyai efek yg sama atau overlaping

Sinergik • Dua atau lebih sitokin mempunyai efek saling menguatkan

Antagonisme • Kemampuan satu sitokin untuk menghambat aksi sitokin lainnya

Klasifikasi sitokin Interleukin, IL Interferon , IFN Tumor necrosis factor, TNF Colony stimulating factor, CSF Chemokine Transforming growth factor

Ⅰ. Interleukin (IL) • Sitokin yg disekresi oleh leukosit yg mampu memberi tanda /menjembatani aktivitas leukosit lainnya

• IL-1~IL-29

Ⅱ. Interferon (IFN) A group of glycoproteins that produced by human or animal cells following the infection of virus and exposure to various inducing agents

Comparison of IFN-, IFN-, IFN- _____________________________________ Types

Produced cells

Main functions

____________________________________ IFN- leukocyte anti-virus,immune regulation I IFN- Type fibroblast anti-tumor IFN---Type II Th1,NK ------- weaker anti-virus effect stronger immune regulation effect anti-tumor

_____________________________________

Ⅲ.Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) TNFs were originally thought of as selective antitumour agents, but are now known to have a multiplicity of actions.  TNF- is produced mainly by LPS activated monocytes and macrophages.  TNF-(lymphotoxin, LT) is produced mainly by activated Th0 and Th1.

Ⅳ. Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) Cytokines that stimulate proliferation or differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and different progenitors.  Multi-CSF (IL-3)  Granulocyte macrophage-CSF(GM-CSF)  Monocyte-CSF(M-CSF)  Granulocyte-CSF(G-CSF)  Stem cell factor(SCF)  Erythropoietin(EPO)

Ⅴ. Chemokine Chemokines are cytokines which recruiting monocytes,granulocytes and lymphocytes in blood to the sites of inflammation.  CXC chemokines(α subgroup):IL-8  CC chemokines(β subgroup):MCP-1  C chemokines(γ subgroup)  CX3C chemokines(δ subgroup)

*C: cysteine; X: any amino acid

Ⅵ. Transforming growth factor Growth-factor are cytokines which stimulate the growth of their target cells.  Transforming growth factor-(TGF- )  Epithelia growth factor(EGF)  Vascular endothelia cell growth factor(VEGF)  Fibroblastic growth factor(FGF)

PartⅢ CK receptor 1. Membrane-binding cytokine receptors: The receptor consists of extra-cellular region, trans-membrane region and cytoplastic region.

CK receptors can be grouped into five families according to structure and function: (1) Ig receptor superfamily:IL-1R,PDGFR,FGFR (2) Type Ⅰ CK receptor superfamily: CSFR (3) Type Ⅱ CK receptor superfamily: IFNR (4) Type Ⅲ CK receptor superfamily: TNFR (5) G-protein linked receptor superfamily: CCR5

IL-2 receptor Low affinity IL-2R

Moderate affinity IL-2R

High affinity IL-2R

IL-2



 



 

Three forms of the IL-2 Receptor

(CD25)

Some cytokines use a common chain for signal transduction

2.soluble cytokine receptor

PartⅣ Biological functions of cytokines 1.Take part in nonspecific immunity ------anti-bacteria, anti-virus 2. Take part in specific immunity

3. Stimulate hematopoiesis 4. Take part in inflammatory reaction

PartⅤ Cytokine and disease • • • •

Cytokines and diagnosis: IL-3, CSF Cytokines and treatment: Th1 and Th2 Cytokines and disease prevention: CSF, IL-2 Cytokine assay

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