3 English Civil War (compressed)

January 5, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, World History
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THE EXCEPTION TO ABSOLUTISM: ENGLAND HWH UNIT 2

CHAPTER 4.3

A CENTURY OF REVOLUTION • 1603: Elizabeth dies • 1642-1649: Civil War

• 1649-1660: Monarchy abolished • 1660-1688: Monarchy again

• 1688: Glorious Revolution • Parliament made superior to the king

ENGLAND HAS ISSUES IN THE 17TH CENTURY!

• End of the Tudor Dynasty (ruled since 1485) • Religious Issues • What will the Church of England’s beliefs and practices be?

• Power Struggle • Parliament wants more authority over the king (or queen)

JAMES I (r. 1603-1625) • First of the Stuart dynasty • Believed in Divine Right absolutism • Immediately at odds with Parliament • Taxes • Religious Issues • Anglican, but intolerant • Upset Puritans

CHARLES I (r. 1625-1649) • Petition of Right (1628) • Rules without Parliament, 1629-1640 • The Long Parliament (16401653) • Refused to grant Charles new taxes • Revolt in Scotland

CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649 • 1642: Charles tried to arrest leaders of Parliament • STRICTLY ILLEGAL • Parliament forms an army • Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

CAVALIERS VS. ROUNDHEADS CAVALIERS

ROUNDHEADAS



FOR THE KING



FOR PARLIAMENT



NOBILITY



MIDDLE CLASS



ANGLICANS



MANY PURITANS

EXECUTION OF CHARLES I, 1649

THE INTERREGNUM, 1649-1660 The Commonwealth

The Protectorate

• 1649-1653

• 1653-1660

• Rule by parliament

• Direct rule by Oliver Cromwell (d.1658)

• Imposed Puritan ideas • Crushed Ireland

• “Lord Protector”

• Puritan dictatorship • No parliament

CHARLES II (r. 1660-1685) AND THE RESTORATION • Very popular • Had Catholic sympathies • Idolized Louis XIV • Married a French woman • Smart enough not to challenge Parliament

JAMES II (r. 1685-1688) AND THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION OF 1688 • James II was overtly Catholic • William and Mary • The Glorious Revolution of 1688 • The English Bill of Rights • Parliament is superior to the king

• King must call Parliament • Only Parliament can tax • Catholics banned from office

CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT • Limited (or Constitutional) Monarchy • Political Parties • Whigs • Tories • The Cabinet System

• Prime Minister • Robert Walpole • NOT DEMOCRACY

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