3 Historic Settlement - geo

CHAPTER

3

Historical Settlement Lecture Outline

Innisfree McKinnon University of Oregon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter Sections • • • •

Exploration & Discovery Expansion & Settlement Economic Development & Urbanization Evolving Immigration Patterns & Issues

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Learning Objectives (Exploration & Discovery) • Theory of first effective settlement • Native settlement patterns in the U.S. & Canada • Long term impacts of indigenous people • Triangular trade • Early Atlantic settlement patterns

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Learning Objectives (Expansion & Settlement) • 4 Cultural Hearths • Settlement Regulation – Homestead Act, Donation Land Claim Act, Preemption Act

• Land survey systems • Spanish settlement patterns in the SW • Acadian forced migration

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Learning Objectives • Economic Development & Urbanization – Advantages of port cities – Erie Canal & the development of NY city

• Evolving Immigration Patterns & Issues – The Great Migration – U.S. immigration policies

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First Effective Settlement • Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky • The groups who successfully settled a place first had the longest impacts

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First Peoples Migration Patterns

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Native settlement patterns • Many different native cultures, lifestyles • Dense pop. in CA, PNW, SE U.S. • Some cities >30,000

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European exploration & imperialism • Imperialism • Donald Meinig: • "The aggressive encroachment of one people upon the territory of another, resulting in the subjugation of the latter people to alien rule." • >4 centuries of domination © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Slave Trade & African force migration

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French Settlement • St. Lawrence River • Montreal founded 1642 • Fur traders • By late 1600s > 10,000 farms • Settlement expanded to Great Lakes, Mississippi & Ohio rivers © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

French settlement • Long lot system • Allowed access to river • Acadians forced to migrate from Nova Scotia to New Orleans (Cajuns)

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Russian settlement • Aleutian Island, Alaska, and south to CA • Competition w/American & British trappers for furs • Sold N. American territory to U.S. in 1867

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Latin America

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Spanish Settlement • Laws of the Indies 1573 – Guided settlement development

• Land grants – Pueblos, villas, and ciudades – Ranchos, colonias – Large, rectangular land grants

• Evidence of Spanish settlement remains – – – –

Spanish language Architecture Missions Central plazas in S.W. towns

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Dutch Settlement • Dutch East India Company • Merchants set up trade networks • Settlement focused on Connecticut, Delaware, & Hudson River valleys • New Amsterdam – Manhattan Island © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

British Settlement • Jamestown, 1607 • Puritans – Plymouth, 1620 • English Quaker, William Penn – established Pennsylvania

• Metes & bounds land grant system

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Early immigrant patterns

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Ongoing Migration, Expansion, and Settlement • European expansion starts from: • U.S. – S. New England (Boston) – Middle Colonies (Philadelphia) – S. of the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia & Georgia)

• Canada – English domination expands west

• Spanish – Expanded from Mexico city N. to Florida, New Mexico, & Texas

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Major Cultural Hearths

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Territorial Acquisitions

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U.S. land survey system

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Township & Range system • Northwest Land Ordinance, 1785 • Thomas Jefferson

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Laws encouraging settlement • Homestead Act • Preemption Act of 1841 • Dawes Act – encouraged individual ownership by Native Americans

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Evolving Economic Development & Urbanization • Eastern cities – Ports – Centers of trade – Connected hinterlands to European markets

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Transcontinental Railroad

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The Great Migration • • • •

1920s African American families From the U.S. South To industrial jobs in Midwest, Northeast, West

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Settlement of ethnic groups

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Anti-immigration legislation • Canada – Chinese Head Tax – Chinese Immigration Act

• U.S. – Asian Exclusion Act – National Origins Quota Acts 1921, 11924

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Immigration Reforms • 1952 Immigration & Nationality Act – Expanded # of refugees allowed to immigrate

• 1965 Immigration Act – Repealed quota system – Band discrimination against Asians

• Canada – Reforms in the 1960s

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Post 1980s Immigration • • • •

Globalization Rural-urban migration Brain drain to N. America Suburban settlement of immigrants

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End of Chapter 3

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