American Imperialism

American Imperialism

The Spanish American War Annexation of Hawai'i 1

Vocabulary 1. Imperialism – Extending a country’s political or

economic authority over other territories.

2. Rebellion – organized defiance of the government

in charge.

3. Annexation – Adding land from one to another

country, usually without permission.

4. Territory/Colony – A piece of land that’s controlled

by another country but not fully part of that country.

5. Coups d'état – the overthrow of a government by

non-democratic means (sometimes force)

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The Spanish American War

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It all started in Cuba

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Cuba In Rebellion - 1895 Cuba was Spanish Colony Cuba was fighting for independence from Spain The rebellion (in 1895) was lead by Jose Marti Cuba is only 90 miles from Florida and the US was very interested in getting Spain out of our backyard.

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Spain Responded to Rebellion Spain sent General Valereano Weyler to crush Cuban rebellion. He placed thousands of Cubans into “concentration camps” – thousands die. U.S. is getting nervous about the violence. 6

The United States & Cuba Why did we care about Cuba? 50 million dollar Cuban sugar industry Trade was going downhill because of fighting there… Made US businessmen angry. US was concerned over hunger, starvation, and disease in Cuba 7

American Response By 1896, tensions were very high in Havana Havana is the Capitol City of Cuba McKinley responded by sending U.S.S. Maine to Havana Harbor

McKinley was intending to protect American citizens and property

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February 15, 1898 - USS Maine Exploded in Havana Harbor

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260 Americans are killed

“Remember the Maine” 10

What happened to the Maine? Explosion was initially a mystery U.S. immediately blamed Spain for the incident Later investigations pointed to internal engine problems 11

Quick Quiz 1. Explain Imperialism? (own words) 2. Explain THREE facts about the Cuban rebellion. 3. How did Spain respond?

4. Why was U.S. interested in Cuba? THREE FACTS. 5. What happened in Havana Harbor? Why was the

boat there in the first place? Who did the U.S. blame? 12

The Maine in the News

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Yellow Journalism Press printed headlines and stories with little attention to facts Their Goal was to gain readers to make $$$ William Randolph Hearst famous publisher of Yellow Journalism Angry public pushed American government to declare war. 15

McKinley Responds June 20th 1898 17,000 troops sent to Cuba to fight Spanish

Sends Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders - special unit under Roosevelt (Secretary of Navy) 16

Spanish American War in Cuba San Juan Hill Decisive battle of Spanish American War Rough Riders charged up the hill in heroic fashion T. Roosevelt awarded Medal of Honor for his heroism 17

War expands to the Philippines The Philippines was a Spanish Colony US Commodore George Dewey destroyed 10 Spanish ships with 6 American ships Filipino independence rebel Emilio Aguinaldo helped the U.S. U.S. promised Philippines their Independence – this was not kept.

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Spanish American War Ends U.S. defeated Spain by August 1898 Other Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico and Guam become U.S. territories. 385 American soldiers killed in battle What do we do with our new colonies? Cuba, Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico? 19

Cuban Independence America promised Cuba independence, but with exceptions on December 10, 1898 The Platt Amendment prohibited trade, and treaties with other nations Guantanamo Bay was built as our military presence in the Caribbean

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Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam The Philippines remained a U.S. territory until independence from the United States was achieved in 1946 Guam and Puerto Rico still remain U.S. territories today (the people are considered U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens do not need a passport to travel to or from there).

People in Guam and Puerto Rico do not get to vote for president or representatives in Congress 21

Quick Quiz 1. Explain yellow Journalism.

2. How did McKinley respond to the Maine? When?

Who did he send? 3. Explain four facts about the S.A. War in the

Philippines. 4. Explain three facts about the end of the S.A. War. 5. What happened to each new territory: Guam,

Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. 22

Annexation of Hawai'i

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The Hawaiian Kingdom In 1810 Kamehameha the Great United all of the Hawaiian Islands into one kingdom, he called it Hawai'i. The Hawaiian kingdom was an independent country with its own language, customs, and religious traditions. 24

Hawaii’s Sugar Industry By 1848, foreigners, mostly American Sugar Planters, had gained influence with the Hawaiian King (Kamehameha III) In 1875 Hawaii’s King David Kalakaua and the United States signed a treaty so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the US tax-free… This made Hawaiian Sugar cheaper in the US than it had been before, so Americans bought more of it and the sugar industry in Hawaii boomed 25

Pearl Harbor In 1887 King David Kalakaua was forced, by a militia of American sugar planters, to sign a new Hawaiian constitution It was called the Bayonet Constitution and it stripped him of many of his powers as King. It also made it easier to pressure the King to allow the United States to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor to refuel American ships. 26

Queen Lili'uokalani When King Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister took the thrown. She was determined to gain back the power that had been stolen from her brother and return power to the Hawaiian People. 27

Hawai'i’s last Queen The American sugar planters of Hawai'i did not like Queen Lili'uokalani’s ideas. They wanted to maintain power over the islands business affairs. A prominent businessman named Sanford Dole, with the help of the U.S ambassador to Hawaii John Stevens organized an overthrow. With the help of the U.S. Marines they overthrew the Queen in January of 1893 28

U.S. Marines Block Queen’s Home

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President Cleveland Responds Grover Cleveland was US president at the time and wanted the Queen’s power restored. He did not want to annex Hawaii unless a majority of Hawaiians approved, which they didn’t. However, he refused to force the new Hawaiian Government, made up of mostly American sugar planters, to give the Queen back her power, which they didn’t. 30

Hawaii is Annexed In 1897 William McKinley became president of the US. He was an expansionist and was very much in favor of annexation. On August 12 1898, Hawaii was proclaimed a U.S. territory by Congress and this bill was signed by President McKinley into law

No Hawaiians had ever voted on this. Hawai'i became a State in 1959 31

Quick Quiz 1. Explain three facts about Hawaii’s Sugar Industry. 2. What was the Bayonet Constitution? What did it’s

signing make possible? 3. What did Queen Liliuokalani want to do? Who

overthrew her? How? 4. Explain the responses of two different U.S. Presidents

(Cleveland & McKinley) 32