Beginnings: An Introduction to Development Across the Lifespan

January 8, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Science, Health Science, Cardiology
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Chapter 9: Death and Dying Module 9.1 Dying and Death Across the Life Span

Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

DYING AND DEATH ACROSS THE LIFESPAN

Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

What is death? • Functional death • Brain death • Legal death

474 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Should children be shielded from death?

Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Death across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions • Infancy and childhood – Miscarriage – Still birth – Sudden infant death – Accidents – Homicides

475 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Death across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions • Childhood – No concept of death until around the age of 5 – Around the age of 5, better understanding of finality and irreversibility of death – By about age 9, acceptance of universality and finality of death – By middle childhood, understanding of some customs involved with death (e.g., funerals, cremation, and cemeteries) 476 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Death across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions • Adolescence – View of death are often unrealistic – Sense of invincibility – Personal fable – Imaginary audience

• Terminal Illness – Denial – Depression 476 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Death across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions • Young Adulthood – Prime time of life – Death seems unthinkable – Creates feelings of anger and impatience

• Concerns – Desire to develop intimate relationships and express sexuality – Future planning 477 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Death across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions • Middle Adulthood – Life-threatening disease not surprising – Fear of death often greatest

• Causes – Heart attack or stroke

477 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Death across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions • Late adulthood – Realize death is imminent – Face an increasing number of deaths in their environment – Less anxious about dying – Causes • Cancer, stroke, and heart disease

– Terminal death 477 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Suicide in Later Life • Rate for men climbs steadily during late adulthood • No age group has a higher rate of suicide than white men over the age of 85 – Severe depression – Some form of dementia – Loss of a spouse

477 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Is life always worth living?

Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Terminal Decline • Suffering • Burden to loved ones • Decrease in value to society

478 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Differing Conceptions of Death Developmental Diversity • Reactions to death are diverse – Dependent on practices and values of culture and subculture

478 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Do you agree? Death education should be mandated for all college students?

Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

What is death education? • Death education encompasses programs that teach about death, dying, and grief – Crisis intervention education – Routine death education – Education for members of the helping professions

479 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Review and Apply REVIEW • Functional death is defined as the cessation of heartbeat and respiration; brain death is defined by the absence of electrical brain waves. • What defines death has changed as medical advances allow us to resuscitate people who would once have been considered dead. Some medical experts believe that a person is in fact dead when they can no longer think, reason, or feel, and can never again live anything resembling a human life. • The death of an infant or young child can be particularly difficult for parents, and for an adolescent death appears to be unthinkable. Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

480

Review and Apply REVIEW • Cultural differences in attitudes and beliefs about death strongly influence people’s reactions to it. • Thanatologists recommend that death education become a normal part of learning.

480 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Review and Apply APPLY • Do you think people who are going to die should be told? Does your response depend on the person’s age?

480 Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

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