Big Business, Industrialization, and Immigration Study Guide  Positives and Negatives

Big Business, Industrialization, and Immigration Study Guide 

Life in Industrialized America Positives and Negatives o a large variety of ___________________________ were available to buy because of national markets o ___________________________ occurred on farms, where machines were doing the work of people, reducing labor needs and increasing production o farmers left to go work in ___________________________ industries in the cities o the United States went from an ___________________________ nation to an _____________________ nation o people were able to live near the factories where they worked o _____________________ occurred in the tenements where people lived in cities o pollution and disease spread quickly throughout the cities

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Factors of Big Business – making business more efficient (faster and more successful) SHARK o Lots of ___________________________was needed to start or expand a business. o Businesses started with raw materials (___________________________) such as coal, iron, wood, or cattle. o Natural resources were shipped to factories on the ___________________________ (railroads). o In ___________________________raw materials became finished products to be sold. o More ___________________________was available - businesses could pay workers less (immigrants & former farmers) o Assembly lines and cheap labor helped to create ___________________________. o Railroads allowed finished products to be shipped out to ___________________________. o ___________________________ tried to get consumers’ interest and expand the business’s market.

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Inventions What was their impact on Business? o Alexander Graham Bell – invented the ___________________________, creating telephone services available nationally o Thomas Edison – improved electric ___________________________, figured out how to use electricity in factories o Henry Ford – used ___________________________to lower production costs for automobiles Major Industrial Center Locations o ___________________________ = meat-packing o Pittsburgh = ___________________________ o ___________________________ = beef cattle raising / ranching o Detroit = ___________________________ o ___________________________= textiles (clothing)

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o Manufacturing areas were clustered near cities due to access to resources, products, ___________________________ and markets

o raw materials / natural resources: cotton from Southeast, beef cattle from Texas, ___________________________ to steel mills 

“Captains of Industry” o Andrew Carnegie = ___________________________ o ___________________________= railroads o J. P. Morgan = ___________________________ o ___________________________= automobiles o John D. Rockefeller = ___________________________; accused of having the first ___________________________ o monopolies were companies that controlled most or all of a certain kind of business by driving competitors out of business and buying other companies

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Reasons for immigration to America (HEAR) Push and Pull o ___________________________ for better opportunities o ___________________________ from oppressive governments o desire for ___________________________ o desire for ___________________________ freedom

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Immigrants in America o ___________________________gained power over immigrants in the cities by giving them ___________________________ and apartments in exchange for ___________________________ o ___________________________was a powerful political boss who controlled immigrants in New York o The ___________________________ and Chinese faced a large amount of discrimination in America o The ___________________________of 1882 was America’s first attempt to limit the number of immigrants entering the United States