Blindness 03.09.2013

By the end of this lecture the students should be able to:  Define blindness, visual impairment & low vision according to the WHO- ICD-10 classification  Critically evaluate the definition & its implications  Describe the global burden of blindness & visual impairment  Identify the major causes of blindness at global and national level  Recognize the impact of blindness on the life of the individual and the society

Why should Ophthalmology be taught and learnt?

1. Approximately 314 million people

suffer from serious visual impairment

2. 45 million people are blind and 124

million have low vision

3. 75% of blindness is avoidable - i.e.

treatable and/or preventable

4. 90% of visually impaired people live in developing countries 5. Infectious causes of blindness are decreasing. Blinding trachoma now affects fewer than 80 million people, compared to 360 million in 1985

6. 153 million people’s visual impairment is

due to uncorrected refractive errors. In most cases, normal vision could be restored with eyeglasses

7. Aging populations , lifestyle changes

rising incidence of chronic blinding conditions such as diabetic retinopathy

8. Women face a greater risk of vision loss

than men

9. Without effective, major intervention, the number of blind people worldwide is projected to increase to 76 million by 2020 10. Restorations of sight, and blindness prevention strategies are among the most cost-effective interventions in health care

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Why define? Blindness is defined in different ways in different countries according to the purpose of definition i.e legal, social, clinical etc WHO recommends the ICD-101 –based definition In Pakistan we use the same

1. International Statistical Classification of Diseases & related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10)

Chapter

Blocks

Title

I

A00-B99

Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

II

C00-D48

Neoplasms

III

D50-D89

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism

IV

E00-E90

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

V

F00-F99

Mental and behavioural disorders

VI

G00-G99

Diseases of the nervous system

VII

H00-H59

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

VIII

H60-H95

Diseases of the ear and mastoid process

IX

I00-I99

Diseases of the circulatory system

X

J00-J99

Diseases of the respiratory system

XI

K00-K93

Diseases of the digestive system

XII

L00-L99

Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

XIII

M00-M99

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

XIV

N00-N99

Diseases of the genitourinary system

XV

O00-O99

Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

XVI

P00-P96

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

XVII

Q00-Q99

Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities

XVIII

R00-R99

Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

XIX

S00-T98

Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes

XX

V01-Y98

External causes of morbidity and mortality

XXI

Z00-Z99

Factors influencing health status and contact with health services

XXII

U00-U99

Codes for special purposes

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en

ICD

VA

VF (degrees)

What it defines

0

6/6 – 6/18

> 20

Normal

1