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Looking Beneath the Surface What we can learn from the Minnesota TIMSS Science Results
William H. Schmidt Michigan State University
2007 Grade 4 Mathematics Nation Nation
Hong Kong SAR Singapore Chinese Taipei Massachusetts, US Japan
Mean
607 599 576 572 568
Nation
Minnesota, US Kazakhstan Russian Federation England
Mean
554 549 544 541
Significantly Higher than MN Not Significantly Different from MN Significantly Lower than MN
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Mean
Latvia Netherlands Lithuania
537 535 530
United States
529
Germany Denmark Australia Hungary Italy Austria Sweden Slovenia Armenia Slovak Republic Scotland New Zealand Czech Republic Norway Ukraine Georgia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Algeria Colombia Morocco El Salvador Tunisia Kuwait Qatar Yemen
525 523 516 510 507 505 503 502 500 496 494 492 486 473 469 438 402 378 355 341 330 327 316 296 224
Michigan State University
2007 Grade 8 Mathematics Nation
Nation
Chinese Taipei Korea, Rep. of Singapore Hong Kong SAR Japan Massachusetts, US
Nation
Minnesota, US
Mean
598 597 593 572 570 547
Mean
532
Significantly Higher than MN Not Significantly Different from MN Significantly Lower than MN
Mean
Hungary England Russian Federation
517 513 512
United States
508
Lithuania Czech Republic Slovenia Armenia Australia Sweden Malta Scotland Serbia Italy Malaysia Norway Cyprus Bulgaria Israel Ukraine Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Lebanon Thailand Turkey Jordan Tunisia Georgia Iran, Islamic Rep. of
506 504 501 499 496 491 488 487 486 480 474 469 465 464 463 462 461 456 449 441 432 427 420 410 403
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Nation
Bahrain Indonesia Syrian Arab Republic Greece Romania Lithuania Colombia Oman Palestinian Nat'l Auth. Botswana Kuwait El Salvador Saudi Arabia Ghana Qatar
Michigan State University
Mean
398 397 395 391 387 381 380 372 367 364 354 340 329 309 307
Grade 8 Mathematics Mean Teaching Emphasis 2007 TIMSS GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS TEST EMPHASIS 1995 2007 TIMSS TEST EMPHASIS
2007
NUMBER NUMBER ALGEBRA
ALGEBRA
GEOMETRY
GEOMETRY
DATA
OTHER DATA
NUMBER ALGEBRA GEOMETRY DATA OTHER © 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Michigan State University
2007 Grade 4 Science Nation
Mean
Singapore Massachusetts, US
Nation
587 571
Nation
Chinese Taipei Hong Kong SAR Minnesota, US Japan Russian Federation Latvia England United States
Mean
557 554 551 548 546 542 542 539
Significantly Higher than MN Not Significantly Different from MN Significantly Lower than MN
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Mean
Hungary Italy Kazakhstan Germany Australia
536 535 533 528 527
Slovak Republic
526
Austria
526
Sweden
525
Netherlands Slovenia Denmark Czech Republic Lithuania New Zealand Scotland Armenia Norway Ukraine Iran, Islamic Rep. of Georgia Colombia El Salvador Algeria Kuwait Tunisia Morocco Qatar Yemen
523 518 517 515 514 504 500 484 477 474 436 418 400 390 354 348 318 297 294 197
Michigan State University
Grade 4 Science: 1995 & 2007 1995 Rescaled Scores Nation
Japan Minnesota, US United States Austria Czech Republic Netherlands England Singapore Australia Scotland Hong Kong SAR Hungary New Zealand Norway Latvia Slovenia Iran, Islamic Rep. of
2007 Scores
Mean
553 553 542 538 532 530 528 523 521 514 508 508 505 504 486 464 380
Significantly Higher than MN Not Significantly Different from MN Significantly Lower than MN
Nation
(8.8) (1.8) (3.3) (3.6) (3.0) (3.2) (3.1) (4.8) (3.8) (4.5) (3.3) (3.4) (5.3) (3.7) (4.9) (3.1) (4.6)
Singapore Hong Kong SAR Minnesota, US Japan England Latvia United States Hungary Australia Austria Netherlands Slovenia Czech Republic New Zealand Scotland Norway Iran, Islamic Rep. of
Mean
587 554 551 548 542 542 539 536 527 526 523 518 515 504 500 477 436
2005 NAEP Grade 4 Science At advanced
At proficient
Vermont
States
New Jersey New Hampshire Minnesota Massachusetts 0
20 Percent Students
40
2007 Grade 8 Science Nation
Nation
Mean
Singapore Chinese Taipei Massachusetts, US Japan Korea, Rep. of
567 561 556 554 553
Nation
Mean
England Hungary Czech Republic Minnesota, US Slovenia Hong Kong SAR Russian Federation
542 539 539 539 538 530 530
Significantly Higher than MN Not Significantly Different from MN Significantly Lower than MN
United States
Mean
Lithuania Australia
520 519 515
Sweden
511
Scotland
496
Italy
495
Armenia Norway Ukraine Jordan
488 487 485 482 471 471 470 470 468 467 466 462 459 457 454 452 452 445
Malaysia Thailand Serbia Bulgaria Israel Bahrain Bosnia and Herzegovina Romania Iran, Islamic Rep. of Malta Turkey Syrian Arab Republic Cyprus Tunisia
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Nation
Indonesia Oman Georgia Kuwait Colombia Lebanon Egypt Algeria Palestinian Nat'l Auth. Saudi Arabia Morocco El Salvador Botswana Qatar Ghana
Michigan State University
Mean
427 423 421 418 417 414 408 408 404 403 402 387 355 319 303
Grade 8 Science: 1995 & 2007 1995 Rescaled Scores Nation
2007 Scores
Mean
Nation
Singapore Czech Republic Japan Sweden Korea, Rep. of Minnesota, US Hungary England Bulgaria Russian Federation Australia
580 555 554 553 546 544 537 533 527 523 514
Norway Slovenia
514 (2.4) 514 (2.7) 513 (5.6) 510 (5.8) 501 (5.6) 471 (5.1) 464 (4.0) 463 (3.6) 452 (2.1) 365 (6.2)
United States Hong Kong SAR Scotland Romania Lithuania Iran, Islamic Rep. of Cyprus Colombia
Significantly Higher than MN Not Significantly Different from MN Significantly Lower than MN
(5.5) (4.5) (1.8) (4.4) (2.0) (7.9) (3.1) (3.6) (5.8) (4.5) (3.9)
1995 Mean
Singapore Japan Korea, Rep. of England Czech Republic Hungary Minnesota, US Slovenia Hong Kong SAR Russian Federation
567 554 553 542 539 539 539 538 530 530
United States
520
Lithuania Australia Sweden Scotland Norway Bulgaria Romania Iran, Islamic Rep. of Cyprus Colombia
519 515 511 496 487 464 462 459 452 417
Significa Not Signif Signific
2005 NAEP Grade 8 Science At advanced
Vermont
At proficient
States
New Jersey New Hampshire Minnesota Massachusetts 0
10
20
30
Percent Students
40
Grade 4 Science 1 1995 Life Earth Earth Earth in the Plants & Organs & Life Cycles & Processes & Features Processes Universe Animals Tissues Genetics Functions Minnesota 67 Minnesota 70 Minnesota 88 Minnesota 89 Minnesota 70 Japan 75 Czech Republic 73 Japan U.S.A. England Czech Republic Hungary Norway Australia Hong Kong International Mn Singapore
63 60 59 58 58 56 56 54 53 53 57
Japan U.S.A. Australia England Singapore Czech Republic Hungary Hong Kong International Mn Norway
62 61 56 55 54 54 53 51 50 42 54
Czech Republic Hong Kong Hungary Norway Australia England U.S.A. Japan Singapore International Mn
75 75 75 75 72 71 70 69 69 67 72
Japan Australia Czech Republic Singapore U.S.A. England Hungary Hong Kong International Mn Norway
78 72 72 70 70 67 66 65 64 60 69
Singapore Australia Czech Republic U.S.A. Hong Kong Japan England Hungary Norway International Mn
67 66 65 65 65 63 62 61 61 59 64
Australia Czech Republic Minnesota England Singapore U.S.A. Norway Hong Kong Hungary International Mn
70 69 69 69 69 68 67 66 64 64 69
Minnesota Australia Japan U.S.A. Norway England Hong Kong Hungary Singapore International Mn
72 71 71 70 68 68 68 67 67 64 69
2007 Minnesota Hong Kong
70 Japan 66 Minnesota
70 England
67 Singapore
U.S.A.
64 England
65 Hong Kong
Singapore
64 U.S.A.
65 Minnesota
England Japan Australia Hungary Norway International Mn Czech Republic
63 63 60 58 54 51 50 60
64 64 60 60 60 51 51 62
Earth Features
Hong Kong Australia Hungary Singapore Czech Republic International Mn Norway
Earth Processes
U.S.A. Australia Hungary Norway Japan Czech Republic International Mn
66 Singapore 66 Minnesota 63 U.S.A.
62 England 61 60 56 55 54 53 50 59
Earth in the Universe
Hungary Hong Kong Australia Czech Republic Japan International Mn Norway
Plants & Animals
70 Hungary
62 Singapore 61 Minnesota
63 Singapore
82 Singapore
62
60 Hong Kong
63 Czech Republic
56
58 Hungary
56
60 U.S.A.
60 England
59 England
60 59 59 57 56 50 50 59
58 58 56 53 53 50 49 57
U.S.A. Hong Kong Czech Republic Australia Japan Norway International Mn
Organs & Tissues
Minnesota Japan Australia Hungary Czech Republic International Mn Norway
56 Minnesota
55 Australia 55 48 48 47 45 35 55
Life Processes & Functions
Japan England U.S.A. Hong Kong International Mn Norway
55 53 52 52 52 49 43 42 53
Life Cycles & Genetics
Grade 4 Science 2 1995 Human Biology & Health
Matter
Minnesota Australia U.S.A. Norway Singapore England Hong Kong Czech Republic Japan Hungary International Mn
75 70 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 63 67
Japan Singapore Minnesota Australia U.S.A. Czech Republic Hong Kong Hungary England International Mn Norway
75 67 66 63 61 61 60 59 58 58 56 62
Japan Singapore Hong Kong Hungary Minnesota England U.S.A. Australia Czech Republic Norway International Mn
65 64 61 60 57 57 55 54 54 51 48 58
Singapore Hong Kong Japan Minnesota England Hungary U.S.A. Czech Republic Australia International Mn Norway
72 67 65 61 59 59 59 58 55 50 48 60
Energy & Physical Processes Japan Minnesota Australia England Czech Republic U.S.A. Singapore Hong Kong Hungary International Mn Norway
70 66 63 62 61 61 61 59 57 56 53 61
Physical & Chemical Changes Japan Minnesota Hong Kong Czech Republic U.S.A. Singapore Australia England Hungary International Mn Norway
Forces & Motion 72 69 68 67 65 65 63 61 60 59 58 64
Japan Czech Republic Singapore Minnesota Norway Australia Hungary Hong Kong U.S.A. International Mn England
62 62 60 59 58 55 55 54 53 51 49 56
69 65 61 58 57 57 55 55 51 46 40 57
Hong Kong Singapore Minnesota Australia England U.S.A. Japan Hungary International Mn Czech Republic Norway
71 70 67 62 62 61 61 58 54 54 53 61
Environmental & Resource Issues Minnesota 79 Japan 72 Australia 69 U.S.A. 68 Czech Republic 63 Hungary 62 England 60 International Mn 58 Norway 58 Singapore 57 Hong Kong 54 62
Scientific Processes Minnesota U.S.A. Australia Singapore England Japan Hong Kong Czech Republic Norway International Mn Hungary
67 63 59 54 54 53 51 51 48 46 40 53
Singapore Hong Kong England Minnesota U.S.A. Australia Japan Hungary Czech Republic International Mn Norway
70 70 69 67 67 67 65 62 57 56 54 64
2007
Human Biology & Health
Matter
Singapore Japan Hong Kong Minnesota England U.S.A. Hungary Australia Czech Republic International Mn Norway Energy & Physical Processes
73 67 61 58 56 55 54 53 50 47 42 57
Singapore Japan Hong Kong Hungary Minnesota England Czech Republic U.S.A. Australia International Mn Norway Physical & Chemical Changes
Forces & Motion
Singapore Minnesota Hong Kong Japan Australia England U.S.A. Hungary Czech Republic International Mn Norway
62 63 61 59 58 58 57 57 51 45 41 56 Environmental & Resource Issues
Scientific Processes
Comparing MN and the US: Grade 4 Science Topic
Earth Features Earth Processes Earth in the Universe Plants & Animals Organs & Tissues Life Processes & Functions Life Cycles & Genetics Interactions of Living Things Human Biology and Health Matter Energy and Physical Processes Physical & Chemical Changes Forces and Motion Environmental & Resource Issues Scientific Processes
1995 2007
MN>US MN=US MN 75% Correct
1995 Earth Processes Earth in the Universe Plants & Animals
2007
Scientific Processes
Between 50 to 74% Correct
10 of 14 Topics
14 of 14 Topics
< 50% Correct
The 1995 Scores have been adjusted to account for the differences in difficulty of the 1995 & 2007 tests.
Grade 8 Science 1 1995 Earth Features Czech Republic Hungary Korea Singapore
Earth in the Universe
Earth Processes 67 67 65 65
Minnesota
64
Sweden Thailand Russian Federation Norway Japan England Australia U.S.A. Israel International Mn Hong Kong
61 60 59 59 59 59 57 57 56 55 54 60
Minnesota
61
Hungary Czech Republic Japan Russian Federation S. Korea Sweden Norway Singapore U.S.A Australia Hong Kong England International Mn Israel Thailand
59 59 58 57 57 56 54 53 51 51 50 50 38 37 34 52
Minnesota
67
Minnesota
74
England Singapore Norway U.S.A. Russian Federation Sweden Korea Japan Czech Republic Australia Thailand Israel International Mn Hong Kong Hungary
67 67 62 61 61 60 59 58 57 57 56 55 54 52 51 59
Sweden Norway Czech Republic Japan Thailand Singapore Korea U.S.A. Australia England Hungary International Mn Hong Kong Israel Russian Federation
71 70 67 67 66 65 64 63 63 59 59 58 58 56 57 63
Czech Republic Hong Kong Japan
60 60 59
Czech Republic S. Korea
61 60
Diversity & Structure of Living Things Japan 76 Singapore 74 Hong Kong 73 Korea 72 Czech Republic 72
Singapore Japan Korea Czech Republic Thailand
Minnesota
70
Minnesota
63
Thailand Sweden Hungary Australia Russian Federation England U.S.A. International Mn Israel Norway
69 68 67 67 66 64 64 61 60 59 68
Hungary Russian Federation England U.S.A. Australia Israel Hong Kong Sweden International Mn Norway
60 59 59 58 57 57 56 55 55 54 61
61 60
Singapore S. Korea Japan Hong Kong England
68 63 62 59 58
Minnesota
56
Russian Federation U.S.A Czech Republic Sweden Australia Hungary International Mn Thailand Norway Israel
52 52 47 47 47 43 43 41 38 38 51
Life Processes & Functions 72 70 68 64 63
Life Cycles & Genetics
Minnesota
86
Czech Republic U.S.A. England Israel Sweden Norway Korea Russian Federation Japan Hungary Australia International Mn Singapore Thailand Hong Kong
82 81 80 79 78 78 76 76 75 74 73 70 69 67 65 75
S. Korea Japan Hong Kong Singapore Russian Federation Hungary
65 60 60 57 52 51
2007
Earth Features
Minnesota
58
Russian Federation Singapore U.S.A Australia England Sweden Hungary S. Korea Norway Thailand International Mn Israel
57 56 53 52 52 51 50 50 47 46 41 40 52
Earth Processes
Singapore S. Korea
Minnesota
60
Minnesota
59
U.S.A Sweden Norway Singapore England Russian Federation Australia Hong Kong Hungary Thailand Japan International Mn Israel
58 57 57 57 56 55 53 51 49 49 48 45 38 54
Japan Hungary Czech Republic England U.S.A Russian Federation Hong Kong Australia Sweden Thailand Norway International Mn Israel
57 56 56 55 54 53 51 50 48 44 42 41 41 52
Earth in the Universe
Diversity & Structure of Living Things
Life Processes & Functions
Minnesota
49
U.S.A England Czech Republic Australia Sweden Israel International Mn Norway Thailand
47 47 46 44 41 39 38 38 35 49
Life Cycles & Genetics
Grade 8 Science 2 Interactions of Living Things Korea Singapore
Human Biology & Health 69 66
Singapore Czech Republic
74 72
Minnesota
65
Minnesota
71
Japan Thailand Hungary Australia England Norway Czech Republic U.S.A. Russian Federation Sweden International Mn Israel Hong Kong
65 64 63 62 62 60 58 54 52 52 51 50 47 59
Japan Hungary England Israel U.S.A. Thailand Australia Korea Sweden Russian Federation Norway International Mn Hong Kong
69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 64 63 63 61 60 67
Singapore S. Korea
64 62
Minnesota
70
S. Korea Czech Republic England Hungary Japan Singapore Sweden U.S.A. Hong Kong Russian Federation Australia Norway Thailand Israel International Mn
69 66 66 65 65 64 63 63 63 62 62 59 57 54 50 63
1995 Properties & Classification of Structure of Matter Matter Japan 67 Russian Federation 56 Singapore 67 Hungary 54 Korea 65 Czech Republic 54 Czech Republic 60 Singapore 53 Hungary 57 Minnesota 49 Sweden 57 U.S.A. 48 Hong Kong 56 Israel 45 Norway 55 Sweden 43 Australia 55 Korea 42 England 55 Japan 41 Russian Federation 54 Hong Kong 40 Israel 53 International Mn 40 Minnesota 52 Australia 39 International Mn 52 England 38 U.S.A. 50 Norway 32 Thailand 47 Thailand 31 57 44
Energy & Physical Processes Singapore Japan Korea England
71 69 67 64
Minnesota
63
Czech Republic Australia Hungary Hong Kong Israel Russian Federation U.S.A. Norway Sweden International Mn Thailand
62 61 60 60 59 58 57 57 57 56 55 61
Singapore S. Korea Japan England Hungary Czech Republic Hong Kong Russian Federation Sweden Australia
63 59 58 54 54 52 51 49 45 45
Physical Changes Japan Singapore Czech Republic Israel Sweden Hungary Norway England Korea Australia Russian Federation Thailand International Mn
67 63 63 61 61 61 60 59 57 57 57 53 53
Minnesota
50
U.S.A. Hong Kong
49 49 58
S. Korea Singapore Japan England Russian Federation Hungary Czech Republic Hong Kong Sweden
57 55 53 52 49 49 47 45 44
2007
Minnesota
62
Hungary Japan England Czech Republic U.S.A. Hong Kong Australia Russian Federation Sweden Norway Israel Thailand International Mn
60 59 58 57 57 55 55 55 53 46 44 43 42 55
Interactions of Living Things
Human Biology & Health
Singapore S. Korea Japan Hungary Czech Republic Russian Federation England Hong Kong
53 53 50 50 49 48 47 44
Minnesota
41
Sweden U.S.A. Australia Israel International Mn Norway Thailand
40 40 39 37 35 34 33 44
Properties & Classification of Matter
Singapore Czech Republic Russian Federation Hungary Japan U.S.A.
64 60 60 57 52 49
Minnesota
46
Israel Sweden International Mn England S. Korea Australia Thailand Norway Hong Kong
44 44 43 42 42 35 35 31 29 46
Structure of Matter
Minnesota
45
U.S.A. International Mn Norway Israel Thailand
43 40 39 38 38 49
Energy & Physical Processes
Minnesota
43
Australia U.S.A. Norway Israel International Mn Thailand
42 41 40 39 37 34 46
Physical Changes
Grade 8 Science 3 Chemical Changes Singapore Korea Hungary
74 66 65
Minnesota
65
Czech Republic England Japan Australia Russian Federation U.S.A. Israel Hong Kong Sweden International Mn Norway Thailand
64 64 64 62 62 61 61 58 57 56 53 51 62
England Singapore Hong Kong Japan Australia
55 55 48 47 45
Minnesota
45
Russian Federation Hungary U.S.A. Czech Republic S. Korea Norway International Mn Sweden Thailand Israel
44 43 43 39 37 35 34 34 31 30 42
Forces & Motion Czech Republic Japan Singapore Korea Hong Kong Hungary England Sweden Australia Norway
78 74 73 70 69 69 68 68 67 67
1995 Science, Technology, & Society Korea 74 Hungary 73 Sweden 67 Singapore 66 Japan 60 Thailand 59 England 57 Hong Kong 55 Norway 52 Czech Republic 52
Minnesota
63
Minnesota
52
Russian Federation U.S.A. International Mn Israel Thailand
62 61 61 55 56 67
Australia Israel International Mn U.S.A. Russian Federation
52 51 48 48 40 58
Czech Republic Japan S. Korea Singapore England Hungary
49 49 48 48 45 44
Singapore Japan Czech Republic Russian Federation England Hong Kong S. Korea
Environmental & Resource Issues Singapore Thailand
73 70
Scientific Processes Singapore Korea
75 64
Minnesota
68
Minnesota
63
England Australia Korea Japan U.S.A. Czech Republic Norway Hong Kong International Mn Sweden Israel Hungary Russian Federation
67 65 63 62 60 59 58 53 53 52 52 49 47 59
Czech Republic Australia Japan England U.S.A. Hungary Hong Kong Thailand International Mn Sweden Norway Israel Russian Federation
61 61 60 60 59 57 57 55 53 52 52 52 51 58
55
Japan Singapore S. Korea
56 52 50
2007
Chemical Changes
Minnesota
43
Hong Kong Russian Federation Sweden U.S.A. Australia Norway Israel International Mn Thailand
42 41 41 40 38 32 32 31 29 41
Forces & Motion
51 50 44 44 41 39 39
Minnesota
38
U.S.A. Australia Hungary Sweden International Mn Thailand Norway Israel
37 36 34 26 26 19 17 16 35
Science, Technology, & Society
Singapore
Minnesota
55
England Australia Hungary S. Korea Hong Kong Russian Federation U.S.A. Czech Republic Japan Sweden Norway Thailand International Mn Israel
53 52 51 51 50 49 49 48 48 43 42 40 38 35 48
Environmental & Resource Issues
Minnesota
48
England Czech Republic Hong Kong U.S.A. Australia Hungary Russian Federation Israel Sweden Thailand International Mn Norway
46 45 43 43 42 40 38 34 34 29 29 28 41
Scientific Processes
Comparing MN and the US: Grade 8 Science Topic
Earth Features Earth Processes Earth in the Universe Diversity & Structure of Living Things Life Processes & Functions Life Cycles & Genetics Interactions of Living Things Human Biology and Health Properties & Classification of Matter Structure of Matter Energy and Physical Processes Physical Changes Chemical Changes Forces and Motion Science, Technology, & Society Environmental & Resource Issues Scientific Processes
1995 2007
MN>US MN=US MN 75% Correct
Between 50 to 74% Correct
< 50% Correct
11 of 17 Topics
8 of 17 Topics
Properties & Classification of Matter Physical Changes Chemical Changes Forces and Motion Science, Technology, & Society Scientific Processes Life Cycles & Genetics
Structure of Matter Energy and Physical Processes
The 1995 Scores have been adjusted to account for the differences in difficulty of the 1995 & 2007 tests.
Grade 4 Earth Features: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.85 0.80
0.75 0.70
0.65 0.60
0.55 0.50
0.45 0.40
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9 % FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Grade 4 Life Cycles and Genetics: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9 % FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Grade 4 Physical and Chemical Changes: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.75 0.70
0.65 0.60
0.55 0.50
0.45 0.40
0.35 0.30
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9 % FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Grade 4 Environmental and Resource Issues: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.80 0.75 0.70
0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45
0.40 Less than 10% 10 to 24.9 % 25 to 49.9% 50 to 74.9% 75% or more FRL FRL FRL FRL FRL
Grade 8 Earth in the Universe: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.80 0.75 0.70
0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45
0.40 0.35 0.30
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9% FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Grade 8 Human Biology and Health: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9% FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Grade 8 Science, Technology and Society: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30
0.25 0.20
0.15 0.10
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9% FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Grade 8 Earth in the Universe: Average Percent Correct by SES 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20
Less than 10% 10 to 24.9% FRL FRL
25 to 49.9% FRL
50 to 74.9% FRL
75% or more FRL
Instructional Content Constructs Curricular Coherence Curricular Structure
Curricular Focus Exposure Time (OTL)
Curricular Rigor Level of Cognitive Complexity
2003 MN Science Curriculum Science Topics Intended at Each Grade Grade Topics
Organs, Tissues Physical Properties of Matter Plants, Fungi Animals Classification of Matter Rocks, Soil Light Electricity Life Cycles Physical Changes of Matter Heat & Temperature Bodies of Water Interdependence of Life Habitats & Niches Biomes & Ecosystems Reproduction Time, Space, Motion Types of Forces Weather & Climate Planets in the Solar System Magnetism Earth's Composition Organism Energy Handling Land, Water, Sea Resource Conservation Earth in the Solar System Atoms, Ions, Molecules Chemical Properties of Matter Chemical Changes of Matter Physical Cycles Land Forms Material & Energy Resource Conservation Explanations of Physical Changes Pollution Atmosphere Sound & Vibration Cells Human Nutrition Building & Breaking Energy Types, Sources, Conversions Dynamics of Motion Organism Sensing & Responding
1
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Grade 4 Science Mean Teaching Emphasis 2007 TIMSS GRADE 4 SCIENCE TEST EMPHASIS 2007 TIMSS TEST 1995 EMPHASIS
2007
LIFE LIFE PHYSICAL PHYSICAL EARTH
EARTH OTHER
LIFE PHYSICAL EARTH OTHER
Grade 4 Teachers’ Reported Percent Teaching Time on Science Topics by School SES
25
Percent Students Eligible for FRL
75 percent or more FRL
37
40
50 to 74.9 percent FRL
41
22
25 to 49.9 percent FRL
34
28
10 to 24.9 percent FRL
34
31
37
Less than 10 percent FRL
0
20
26
13
33
Life Science
5
31
33
40
0
6
27
60 80 Percent Teaching Time Physical Science
3
100
Earth Science
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
120 Other Topics
Michigan State University
Grade 4 Teachers’ Reported Percent Teaching Time on Science Topics by School SES
Grade 4 Lowest SES Schools
Grade 4: Highest SES Schools
Life Science Physical Science Earth Science Other Topics
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Michigan State University
Mean Percent of Grade 4 Science Teaching Time
Topic
Highest SES
Lowest SES Difference
Life Science
37
25
4+ Weeks
Earth Science
27
41
5 Weeks
Grade 4 MN Teachers’ Yearly Total Science Instructional Time by SES
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20 Less than 10 percent FRL
10 to 24.9 percent FRL 25 to 49.9 percent FRL 50 to 74.9 percent FRL 75 percent or more FRL
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Michigan State University
MN Students Overall Percent Correct on TIMSS 2007 Science Fourth Grade Test by Percentage of FRL Students in School 0.8
Total Proportion of TIMSS Science Items Correct
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3 FRL>25%
FRL25% to 50%
FRL>50%
Free/Reduced Lunch Percentage
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Michigan State University
Grade 8 Science Mean Teaching Emphasis 2007 TIMSS GRADE 8 SCIENCE TEST EMPHASIS 1995 EMPHASIS 2007 TIMSS TEST
2007
BIOLOGY BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY PHYSICS PHYSICS EARTH SCIENCE EARTH SCIENCE OTHER
BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY PHYSICS EARTH SCIENCE OTHER
Grade 8 Teachers’ Reported Percent Teaching Time on Science Topics by School SES
39
Percent Students Eligible for FRL
75 percent or more FRL
4
50 to 74.9 percent FRL
11
8
25 to 49.9 percent FRL
10 to 24.9 percent FRL
6
Less than 10 percent FRL
7
0
4 3
53
8
9
7
75
12
3
66
9
9
2
6
78
15
20
46
40
Biology
2
13
60 80 Percent Teaching Time Chemistry
Physics
100
Earth Science
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
120
Other Topics
Michigan State University
Grade 8 Teachers’ Reported Percent Teaching Time on Science Topics by School SES
Grade 8 Lowest SES Schools
Grade 8 Highest SES Schools
Biology Chemistry Physics Earth Science Other Topics
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Michigan State University
Mean Percent of Grade 8 Science Teaching Time Topic
Highest SES Lowest SES Difference
Biology
7
39
11+ Weeks
Earth Science
46
53
2+ Weeks
Physics
15
3
2+ Weeks
Other Topics
13
2
4 Weeks
Grade 8 MN Teachers’ Yearly Total Science Instructional Time by SES
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110 Less than 10 percent FRL
10 to 24.9 percent FRL
25 to 49.9 percent FRL
50 to 74.9 percent FRL
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
75 percent or more FRL
Michigan State University
MN Students Overall Percent Correct on TIMSS 2007 Science Eighth Grade Test by Percentage of FRL Students in School
Total Proportion of TIMSS Science Items Correct
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20 FRL>25%
FRL25% to 50%
FRL>50%
Free/Reduced Lunch Percentage
© 2008 Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education,
Michigan State University
MN Grade 4 Students Eligible for School Lunch Program: NAEP 2005 Science Proficiency Levels by Ethnicity
Hispanic
Group
Below basic At basic
Black
At proficient At advanced
White
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50% Percent Students
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Hispani Hispani c c Black
2000
Black
FRL
2005
Black
Non-FRL
2005
Black
FRL
2000
White
Non-FRL
2000
White
FRL
2005
White
Non-FRL
White
FRL
2005 2005 2000
Non-FRL
2005
MN Grade 4 Students: NAEP 2005 and 2000 Science Proficiency Levels by Ethnicity and School Lunch Eligibility
Non-FRL
FRL
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Percent Students Below basic
At basic
At proficient
At advanced
70%
80%
90%
100%
2005
Black
FRL
2005
Black
Non-FRL
2000
White
MN Grade 8 Students: NAEP 2005 and 2000 Science Proficiency Levels by Ethnicity and School Lunch Eligibility
FRL
Below basic At basic
2000
White
Non-FRL
2005
White
FRL
2005
White
At proficient
Non-FRL
At advanced
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2005
Black
2005
Black
FRL
2007
Black
Non-FRL
2007
Black
FRL
2009
Black
Non-FRL
2009
Black
FRL
White White White White White White
2009
2009
2007
2007
2005
Non-FRL
2005
MN Grade 4 Students: NAEP 2009, 2007 and 2005 Math Proficiency Levels by Ethnicity and School Lunch Eligibility
Non-FRL
FRL Non-FRL
FRL Non-FRL
FRL
0%
10%
20%
30% Below basic
40% At basic
50% At proficient
60% At advanced
70%
80%
90%
100%
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