Yolanda Koscielski (Burnaby) and Andrea Cameron (Surrey), Liaison Librarians for Criminology January 23rd and 24th, 2014
[email protected] [email protected]
PART 1 1.
2. 3. 4.
Key terminology & concepts Understanding a case citation Noting up a case Secondary legal literature
PART 2 4.
Experience searching 5 legal databases/legal treasure hunt
Court Systems
Description
Superior
• Major civil and criminal cases heard in this court. Most case law found in our in legal databases originates from this court system.
Inferior
• A high volume of cases, including criminal cases • Often known as “provincial court” • Typical jurisdiction: small claims, traffic offences, criminal offences, family matters
Federal
• Some matters go to federal court: e.g., copyright, industrial design, patents, cases around the legality of federal gov’t actions
Note: superior and inferior court structures and names will vary between provinces. Check websites, e.g., Provincial Court of British Columbia Table adapted from: Legal Research on the Web, Winter 2012 course material, iSchool Institute, Faculty of Information, University of Toronto
Level of Court
Examples
1st level: Trial Court
British Columbia Supreme Court, Court of Queen’s Bench (Alberta), Ontario Superior Court of Justice
2nd level: Appellate Court
British Columbia Court of Appeal, Alberta Court of Appeal, Ontario Court of appeal
3rd level: Supreme Court of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada
Table adapted from: Legal Research on the Web, Winter 2012 course material, iSchool Institute, Faculty of Information, University of Toronto
The terms Case Law, Reasons for Decisions, Judgment (*no ‘e’!) are often used interchangeably Main content of published case law/judgments should be identical, regardless of reporter Case law/judgments available through both free and subscription sources
Significant overlapping coverage in case law cases covered in various databases Free sources (e.g. CanLii) are easily accessible Subscription sources often include: value-added tools such as summarizing headnotes, subject classification, and research tools such as the Canadian Abridgement Digest
Style of cause = plaintiff and defendant This report can be found in the 69th volume of the Dominion Law Reports on page 433 The "2nd" tells you that the DLR has been published in multiple series; the second series was 1956-68 SCBC indicates this was a Supreme Court of British Columbia decision
Examples: LeBrun v High-Low Foods Ltd. (1968), 69 D.L.R. (2nd) 433 (S.C.B.C.) McLean v. Thompson (2009), 2009 CarswellBC 3712 (B.C. Prov. Ct.) R. v. Oakes, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 103, 26 D.L.R. (4th) 200, 65 N.R. 87 (S.C.C.) Hopp v Lepp, [1980] 2 SCR 192, 112 DLR (3d) 67
Wells v. Newfoundland (1997), 156 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271, 483 A.P.R. 271, 5 Admin. L.R. (3d) 113, (N.L.C.A.) The same citation as seen online in LawSource:
1997 CarswellNfld 199
Wells v. Newfoundland (1997), 156 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271, 483 A.P.R. 271, 5 Admin. L.R. (3d) 113, (N.L.C.A.)
Case name (Appellant + Respondent) Year of decision Volume number of law report Law reporter name (Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island Reporter) Page number in law report volume Other law reporters (aka parallel citations) Series number of law report, as applicable Court the case was heard in
Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 7th edition (2010) Also known as the McGill Guide The official source for legal citation in Canada, used by the legal community See Queen’s Legal Citation web page for more guidance on McGill style
Means you are researching a case to see if… › it has been cited, including “followed”, in
subsequent cases › the decision has been overturned in a higher court
The note up tools have different names, depending on the database you use
Process ensures you have found the most recent (i.e., legally relevant) version of a case using the note up tools
Terminology for noting up a case differs between databases Quicklaw terms for judicial considerations: › Distinguished — cited case is held to be inapplicable
due to a difference in fact or law. › Explained — citing case adds to, expands upon, or interprets cited case. › Followed —The judge expressly relies on the cited case as a precedent on which to base a decision. › Also: Followed in Minority Opinion, Cited, Cited in Dissenting Opinion, Mentioned, Not Followed, Questioned
Searching primary sources directly for case law by keyword is usually not recommended › Keyword = 1000s of unrelated hits › Exception: very unique terminology › Start with secondary legal sources and/or
specialized legal research tools, such as: Canadian Encyclopedia Digest Canadian Abridgment Digest
Examples: articles from academic legal journals, case commentary, newsletters and digests by legal experts Uses of secondary lit:
Current awareness of legal issues (e.g.,
weekly digests) Efficient way to locate case law by topic Provide understanding of legal issues and case law in context
Case Law
Law Reports Articles and Journals
Canadian Encyclopedic Digest (CED)
Canadian Abridgment Digest (CAD)
Multiple products on one platform that can be browsed/searched separately Browse functions on the left, search on the right Click on LawSource (or CriminalSource) tab to revert to main search screen Quirk: default searching is for ANY of the search terms entered, not ALL of them
› Solution: use quotation marks to search as a
phrase or add the word “AND” between each search term
Less is more; re-search the most unique words of your search string if you are not getting results › E.g., Instead of Toward a Proper and
Complete Instruction for Photo Lineups: Preserving the Probative Value of Identification Evidence, try, Photo Lineups
Relevancy ranking of results is less intuitive
Case law
Canadian criminal legislation
Canadian Sentencing Digest
Criminal legal commentary and journals
Busy interface! Note Search Templates for different products/info types on left, including All CriminalSource Content CNTR + F to search full text in cases Browse a particular source with left-side option of “other commentary”; an empty search is possible if you’d like to browse commentary sources by date
Case Law Martin’s Criminal Code Drug Offences in Canada Criminal Law Quarterly Other legal commentary and texts
Search on the right, browse on the left. Browsing is particularly effective in legal databases
Browse individual books/journals (e.g., Drug Offences in Canada) in the Commentary section, left-hand side
Martin’s Criminal Code is found under Commentary>Criminal Legislation>Martin’s Criminal Code and Related Legislation
Less can be more (in terms of search terms entered). This is the case with most legal databases.
Case Law
Legislation Canadian and international legal journals Other legal commentary and texts
Tab Searching option › E.g., Legislation, Journals, etc. brings up
search templates
Need to find a particular book, journal, or other title? › Enter keywords of source title in Find a
Source. Be exact! › Beware Terms and Connectors Search
Many ways to get to the same content in QuickLaw
Legal
Information guide
Browse
Law
databases by subject area –
Yolanda Koscielski, Liaison librarian for Criminology at Burnaby
[email protected]
Andrea Cameron, Liaison Librarian for Criminology at Surrey
[email protected]
General queries: AskUsDesk AskAway TextUs