CBT_PP FINAL

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Jenna Schmidt, Paul Singh, Anne Roach

History • Psychological distress stems from faulty or damaging mental processing from an experience • Deal with cognitions, interpretations, beliefs and responses, with the aim of influencing problematic emotions and behaviors. • Reorganization of one’s self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganization of one’s behavior.

Albert Ellis

 Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT)

 Goal of Happiness  ABC Model  Eleven irrational beliefs

You FEEL the way you THINK  It is not the events taking place in our lives that upset us  It is the beliefs that we hold that cause us to become depressed, anxious, enraged, etc.

The Goal of Happiness  We want to be happy whether we are alone or with others  We want to be well informed and educated  We want a good job with good pay  We want to enjoy our leisure time

ABC MODEL A. Something happens B. You have a belief about the situation

C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief

Ellis’s Model

ABC Model of Emotional Disturbance A

B

C

Belief

Emotional Consequence

A

B

C

Difficulty Understanding Math Text

I’ll never get this!

Feeling Miserable

Activating Event For Example:

D- Disputing Intervention  The therapists disputes the client’s irrational beliefs

- “Why must you win everyone’s approval?” - “Where is it written that other people must treat you fairly?” - “Just because you want something, why must you have it?”

E- Effective New Philosophy  The client learns new ways to substitute more adaptive thoughts in place of the beliefs that often involve unrealistic and over-generalized attributions

- “I don’t’ need everyone’s approval” - “Others don’t need to treat me fairly”

F- Feelings (new)  The client’s new trains of thought lead to more effective and rational behavior - “I can approval by my boss by going above and beyond what is expected of me” - “I really want that new Channel purse, after I save my money, I will buy it”

ABC MODEL  Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1f_WA

11 Irrational Beliefs 1. Essential for a person to be loved or approved 2. A person must be perfectly complete 3. Some people are bad, and should be punished. 4. It is terrible when things are not as a person wants them to be. 5. Unhappiness caused by outside circumstances; person has no control over it. 6. Dangerous, fearsome things cause for great concern; possibilities must be dwelt on.

Irrational Beliefs cont. 7. It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them. 8. A person should be dependent on others. 9. Past experience and events are the determinants of present behaviors 10. A person should be upset over other people’s problems and disturbances. 11. There is always a right perfect solution to every problem, and it must be found.

Activity

Aaron Beck • Cognitive Therapy • Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive thoughts

• Reorganization of self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganizing of behavior.

Beck’s Model of Emotional Disturbances

I’m Incompetent

Difficulty Understanding Math Text

I’ll never get this!

( Activating Event )

( Automatic Thought )

( Core Belief )

Feeling Miserable

( Emotional Consequence ) (Livingston, 2008)

Beck’s Cognitive Triad • Depressed people are plagued by a cognitive triad of beliefs: 1.The client sees self as “defective, inadequate, diseased, and deprived” 2.Client interprets experience as negative 3.Client sees the future as continuing in a grim fashion and expect failure

http://slabbed.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/depression-becks-theory3.jpg

Beck’s Model of Emotional Disturbance Activating Event

Automatic Thought

Emotional Consequence

(Livingston, 2008)

Example of: Mood Log Automatic Thoughts:

Distortions

Rational Response

My mind will just wander like yesterday. I can’t remember anything I read. I can’t possibly read 200 pages this week…

(Livingston, 2008)

Goals of Cognitive Therapy:  Change the way a client thinks by using automatic thoughts and schema restructuring  Cognitive Schemas contain peoples perceptions of themselves and others, their goals and expectations, memories, fantasies, and previous learning.

Therapy  Brief & Structured  Problem Solving  Goals: • Change irrational beliefs into rational beliefs • for the client to develop a new way of thinking and substitute it for an old way that has not worked well • Client can become own therapist for future

Therapeutic Relationship  Collaborative  Persuasive Teacher

 Model Behavior

Techniques

 Ellis’s ABC Model

 Beck’s Cognitive Triad  Collaborative Empiricism  Socratic Dialogue

Training - Albert Ellis Institute, New York, NY - Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research, Bala Cynwyd, PA

Certifications Offered by the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists

Diploma in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist

Benefits  Brief form of therapy  REBT effective for helping people in crisis  Affective for individuals, groups, coupled, or families  Discourages dependence on the therapist  Has emphasis on outside work

Risks/Limitations/Criticisms



Prescriptive Model



Cultural Concerns



Unfinished Business



Brainwashing

Most Common Theories (400 Theories)

(Livingston, 2008)

References • Corey, G. (2004). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy: student manual (7th ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Company. • Cormier, S., Nurius, P., Osborn, C. (2003). Interviewing and change strategies for helpers (6th ed). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole Company • Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2000). Current psychotherapies (6th ed). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc. • Day, S.X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Boston: Lahaska Press. • Livingston, T. M. (2008). Behavioral therapies & cognitive behavioral therapies. Counseling Theories. St. Cloud: St. Cloud State University.