CCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics Review
TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models
6 April 2015
Disclaimer
This review is for the exclusive non-profit use by Cisco Academy instructors and students only! Contents of this review were derived from the following sources under the doctrine of US copyright “Fair Use” section 107: • Cisco Networking Academy Curricula: Discovery Networking for Home and Small Businesses version 4.x • Interactive Course Guide, Cisco Learning Institute • CCENT/CCNA ICND 1 Official Exam Certification Guide, 2nd ed. by Wendell Odom, Cisco Press, 2008; ISBN1-58720-182-2 • Cisco Learning Network https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987 • Other references footnoted in individual slide notes area.
6 April 2015
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CCENT Exam Topics
Describe the operation of data networks Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP models https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
The TCP/IP model is a description framework for computer network protocols created in the 1970s by the US Department of Defense.1 It describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network.2
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
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TCP/IP Application Layer
Defines and provides services to the PC application software, such as browser requests for web page file transfers HTTP – request and response HTML – to properly read and display received file
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TCP/IP Transport Layer
Provides the Application layer with communication session and datagram services Transport Control Protocol: One-to-one, connectionoriented, reliable, error free delivery of data. User Datagram Protocol: Connectionless, unreliable data delivery
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TCP/IP Internet Layer
Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions . Internet Protocol • Hierarchical IP addressing of networks and hosts • Packet routing by transferring data from router to router.
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TCP/IP Network Addressing Layer
Defines protocols and hardware required to deliver data across a physical network. Serves the Internet layer by encapsulating data with appropriate framing for the physical network.
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Data Encapsulation
Data is “wrapped” with protocol information at each layer of the TCP/IP model when a host transmits data to another device across a network
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Data Encapsulation Example in TCP/IP
Application Data from browser gets an HTTP header
Transport
HTTP request is segmented with each segment getting a port and sequence number.
Internet
Each TCP segment gets an IP address header and becomes a packet.
Network Access
Each IP packet gets a frame header and trailer including frame check sum error information. Data bits encoded for proper physical delivery; copper, fiber, wireless 6 April 2015
Data Encapsulation Terms in TCP/IP
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Data Encapsulation Example in TCP/IP
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OSI Reference Model
The Open Systems Interconnect Model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 7 layer model
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OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits
Less complex and easier to learn Breaks concepts into smaller easier to explain parts
Standard Interfaces Vendor neutral for open development Multi-vendor interoperability of applications & devices
Modular engineering Applications and hardware device development can be done at any layer
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OSI Reference Model
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OSI Protocol Data Units
PDU contains data as well as header/trailer at each layer similar to TCP/IP model
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Data Flow Using TCP/IP & OSI Models
data data
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