Ch. 18: The Enlightenment & the American Revolution

Ch. 20: Industrialization Sec. One: The Industrial Revolution Begins (Mid 1700’s)

1. Define the following 

Industrial Revolution 

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Period of technological advancement/social change that altered the way people lived/worked

Textile 

A woven material, or cloth

2. When/Where did it begin?

It began in England in the mid-1700’s

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3. Growing population 

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In the early 1700’s, advances in agriculture led to a food surplus …which led to a growth in population …coupled with advances in medicine leading to a decline in the death rate …these all led to a growing demand for manufactured goods

3. Population shift 

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At about the same time that the population was growing in England, more people began moving from the country to the cities (rural-to-urban migration) These new city dwellers became a source of labor for manufacturing and mining

3. Abundant natural resources 

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England had large supplies of coal and iron ore Coal was used to fuel the steam engines (the source of power for the new factories) Iron ore was used to make these engines and the factory machines

3. Stable government 

Having a stable government allowed the British citizens to feel secure doing business (opening up factories)

3. Large supply of capital 

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England’s trade and the income it derived from its colonial empire gave it a strong economy This allowed many entrepreneurs in England to invest in new factories and business There was a willingness to try new ideas and take a risk on those ideas

4. ‘putting-out’ system 

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Craftspeople in rural areas spun flax (linen) into fiber (thread) in their homes The fiber was then transported by merchants to other craftspeople who wove the fiber into fabric This was a slow process that did not keep pace with the growing demand for cloth

5. Flying Shuttle

Invented by John Kay  A weaving loom that allowed weavers to weave faster than human spinners can spin thread 

5. Spinning Jenny

Invented by James Hargreaves  Allowed as many as 16 threads to be spun at once to keep up with the output from the flying shuttle 

5. Water Frame

Invented by Sir Richard Arkwright  A large, water-powered spinning frame that created a very strong thread that was strong enough to handle the spinning jenny 

5. Spinning Mule  

Invented by Samuel Crompton A combination of a spinning jenny and a water frame that made strong, fine fiber in half the time it took to make the same amount of fiber from the spinning jenny & water frame

6. Effect of steam power on the industrial revolution 

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James Watt’s Coal-Powered Steam Engine & Edmund Cartwright’s Steam Power Loom created a new source of energy for the factories Because Steam engines used coal rather than water, it allowed for factories to be built anywhere Steam engines also led to the growth of steam-powered railroads which allowed for the cheaper transport of goods throughout G.B.

Ch. 20 (s.1): in-class activity • Create one of the following… 1.) A diagram of either a flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, or spinning mule(5pts. - accuracy; 5pts. – effort and creativity) 2.) A diagram showing the ‘domino-effect’ for one of the following events… •Factors that led to the Industrial Revolution •Textile inventions (why each one was invented) •Effects of Steam Power on the Industrial Revolution (5pts. - content; 5pts. - effort/creativity)

Sample for diagram #1

Sample for diagram #2