Ch. 3 PowerPoint Part I

January 5, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, US History, Colonial History (1600-1775)
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Unit 2: Colonial America Chapter 3: Founding the English Mainland Colonies 1585-1732

Why Migrate to America?

England’s First Attempt at Colonization - Roanoke  Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke Island (1585, then 1587) off the coast of NC  Settlement failed for unknown reasons

Four Distinct Regions

Settling the Chesapeake – VA & MD  Joint-stock companies were used to finance trips to the New World  Purpose - make money  Plymouth Company - failed  Virginia Company (London Company)

Virginia

Jamestown - The First Settlement  Three ships set sail from England Dec. 1606  Settled at Jamestown (in honor of King James I) on May 24, 1607

Jamestown – The First Settlement

Jamestown - The First Settlement  Easy to defend but mosquito-infested & very unhealthy  Settlers died by the dozens from disease, malnutrition, & starvation  Spent time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming

Jamestown – High Mortality Rates  The “Starving Time”

1607: 104 colonists By spring, 1608: 38 survived 1609: 300 more immigrants By spring, 1610: 60 survived 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants

1624 population: 1,200 Adult life expectancy: 40 years Death of children before age 5: 80%

Jamestown - The First Settlement  Captain John Smith took over the settlement in 1608 & helped make it successful  “no work, no food” policy  Discipline & order collapsed after he left in 1609

The Powhatan Confederacy  Dominated small tribes in the James River area when the English arrived

The Powhatan Confederacy  Two groups cooperated at first, but the English exhibited a sense of superiority & entitlement that alienated the confederacy  Relations grew worse - English raided Indian food supplies during the starving times

War in the Chesapeake  1610-1614 - First Anglo-Powhatan War  1614-1622 - Peace  1622-1644 - Periodic attacks between Indians & settlers

War in the Chesapeake  Powhatan Uprising of 1622  Indians attacked the English, killing 347  1644-1646 - Second Anglo-Powhatan War  Last effort of natives to defeat the English  Indians defeated again

War in the Chesapeake  Peace Treaty of 1646  Removed the Powhatans from their original land  Formally separated the Indian & English settlement areas  English considered the Powhatan peoples extinct by 1685

Tobacco  Tobacco saved the colony!  Englishmen were a steady market for this “brown gold”

Tobacco  Young planter named John Rolfe transplanted a milder strain of West Indies tobacco to the colony (1612)

Tobacco  1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.  1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.  1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

Tobacco  Played a vital role to putting VA on firm, economic footing  Lives revolved around tobacco

 Quickly exhausted the soil  Growing tobacco required much land, thereby promoting the plantation system  Increased demand for more land & cheap labor

Indentured Servitude  V.C. set up the head right system  Granted each male colonist 50 acres of land for each settler he brought to VA  Poor immigrants came to the New World & worked for several years

Indentured Servitude  Indenture Contract  4-7 years  Promised “freedom dues”  Forbidden to marry  Life was short & brutal

Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion  Late 1600s - large number of young, poor, discontented men in the Chesapeake area  Little access to land  Few women to marry  1670 The Virginia Assembly disenfranchised most landless men

Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion  1676 - 1,000 Virginians, led by planter Nathaniel Bacon, revolted  Gov. of VA, William Berkeley, wouldn’t do anything about the Indian attacks on frontier settlements  Berkeley monopolized the fur trade with the Indians

Nathaniel Bacon

Governor William Berkeley

Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion  Rebels attacked Indians, drove Berkeley from Jamestown, & burned the capital  Bacon suddenly died of disease & Berkeley put down the rebellion

Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion  Results  Exposed the unhappiness of landless former servants  Pitted poor, backcountry frontiersmen against the plantation owners (gentry)  Planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel - black slaves!

House of Burgesses  Small measure of self-govt. began in 1619 with the first meeting of the House of Burgesses  Royal Governor appointed a council consisting of 6 leading planters  15 members were elected by the colony

House of Burgesses  1624 James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt V.C.  VA became a royal colony under the king’s direct control  Powers of the H of B were restricted

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