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The New Deal Overview Time Lines

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1 A New Deal Fights the Depression

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2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold

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3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups

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4 Society and Culture

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5 The Impact of the New Deal Chapter Assessment Transparencies

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The New Deal “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

THEMES IN CHAPTER 23

Economic Opportunity

Cultural Diversity Science and Technology

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CHAPTER

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The New Deal “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

What do you know? • What do you already know about the New Deal? • What policies were created under the New Deal and who was affected? Read the quote above and answer the following: • What did Roosevelt mean? What can happen when people are afraid? • What else might people have feared in the 1930s? • What effect do you think Roosevelt hoped this statement would have on the American people?

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Time Line The United States 1933 Congress creates the TVA. 1934 Congress creates the SEC. 1935 Supreme Court declares the NIRA unconstitutional. The CIO is organized. Congress passes the Social Security Act. 1937 Labor unions begin using sit-down labor strikes. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is released. 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act passes. 1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial. John Steinbeck publishes The Grapes of Wrath.

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Time Line The World 1933 Hitler and the Nazi Party take power in Germany. Japan withdraws from the League of Nations. Batista overthrows the Cuban government. 1934 Chinese Communists engage in the Long March. Lázaro Cárdenas becomes the president of Mexico. 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia. British Parliament passes Government of India Act. 1936 Civil War begins in Spain. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin purges Communist Party and government leaders. 1937 Japan invades China. 1939 Germany invades Poland.

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1

A New Deal Fights the Depression

Learn About the early actions taken by the Roosevelt administration.

To Understand how the New Deal tried to combat the Depression.

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A New Deal Fights the Depression

Key Idea President Roosevelt takes many actions to combat the Depression.

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A New Deal Fights the Depression

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Section 1 Assessment SUMMARIZING

What were some of the problems President Roosevelt confronted as president? How did he try to solve them? PROBLEM

SOLUTION

lack of confidence in banks

bank holiday, Treasury inspection of banks, deposit insurance

little confidence in stock market

regulation of stock market

low farm prices

paying farmers not to raise crops

massive unemployment

federal jobs programs

poverty in Tennessee River Valley

build dams

mortgage foreclosures

government loans to homeowners

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A New Deal Fights the Depression

Section 1 Assessment INTERPRETING

Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which do you consider the most important?

THINK ABOUT

• the type of assistance offered by each program • the scope of each program • the impact of each program

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A New Deal Fights the Depression

Section 1 Assessment ANALYZING

Do you think Roosevelt’s most vocal critics had reasonable objections?

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• the American Liberty League’s beliefs regarding violation of rights • Father Coughlin’s calls for nationalization • Huey Long’s slogan “Every Man a King”

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The Second New Deal Takes Hold

Learn About the second phase of New Deal policies.

To Understand how the Roosevelt administration tried to extend its relief, recovery, and reforms programs.

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The Second New Deal Takes Hold

Key Idea The Second New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.

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The Second New Deal Takes Hold

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Section 2 Assessment SUMMARIZING

How were groups such as farmers, the unemployed, youth, and retirees helped by the Second New Deal programs? Farmers: second Agricultural Adjustment Act, Farm Security Act, Rural Electrification Administration

Unemployed: Works Progress Administration, National Youth Administration, Social Security Act

The Second New Deal

Retirees: Social Security Act

Labor: Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act

Youth: National Youth Administration, Works Progress Administration

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The Second New Deal Takes Hold

Section 2 Assessment ANALYZING

Do you think the Second New Deal would have succeeded without the WPA? Why or why not?

THINK ABOUT

• the millions of people the WPA employed • criticism of the WPA as a “make-work” program • the many New Deal reform and recovery programs

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The Second New Deal Takes Hold

Section 2 Assessment EVALUATING

Why might the Social Security Act be considered the most important achievement of the New Deal?

THINK ABOUT

• the types of relief needed in the 1930s • alternatives to government assistance to the elderly, the unemployed, and the disabled • the scope of the act

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The New Deal Affects Many Groups

Learn About how New Deal policies affected various social and ethnic groups.

To Understand how the Democratic Party forged a new political coalition.

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3

The New Deal Affects Many Groups

Key Idea New Deal policies and actions affect Americans from all walks of life. The Democratic Party forms a new political coalition.

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3

The New Deal Affects Many Groups

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Section 3 Assessment SUMMARIZING

What were the effects of New Deal policies on American women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, unionized workers, and urban Americans? URBAN VOTERS

UNIONIZED WORKERS

Appeal of work-relief programs

Passage of the Wagner Act

NATIVE AMERICANS Passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

EFFECTS OF THE NEW DEAL Appointment to key government positions Welcoming of women’s input on issues

WOMEN

Role of Mary McLeod Bethune and the“Black Cabinet”

AFRICAN AMERICANS

Help from the CCC and the WPA

MEXICAN AMERICANS

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The New Deal Affects Many Groups

GENERALIZING

Section 3 Assessment 3

Do you think women made significant progress toward equality during the 1930s?

THINK ABOUT

• the role of women in government • hiring practices in federal programs • women’s opportunities in business and industry

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The New Deal Affects Many Groups

Section 3 Assessment 3

FORMING OPINIONS

In your opinion, did organized labor become too powerful in the 1930s?

THINK ABOUT

• why workers joined unions • how unions organized workers • the roles of unions in politics

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Society and Culture

Learn About arts, entertainment, and literature during the 1930s.

To Understand how the Depression and New Deal influenced American culture.

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Society and Culture

Key Idea Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all blossom during the Depression and the New Deal.

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Society and Culture

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Section 4 Assessment SUMMARIZING

Who were the important movie stars, radio stars, painters, and writers from the 1930s? Movie Stars

Radio Stars

Painters

Writers

Greta Garbo

George Burns

Edward Hopper

Richard Wright

Clark Gable

Gracie Allen

Thomas Hart Benton

Zora Neale Hurston

Marlene Dietrich

Bob Hope

Grant Wood

James T. Farrell

James Cagney

Jack Benny

John Steinbeck

Vivien Leigh

John Dos Passos

Fred Astaire

Thornton Wilder

Ginger Rogers Edward G. Robinson

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Society and Culture

Section 4 Assessment HYPOTHESIZING

What type of movies do you think might have been produced if the government had supported moviemaking as part of the New Deal?

THINK ABOUT

• the role entertainment played in the 1930s • the variety of movies made during the New Deal years • the subject matter of New Deal literature and art

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Society and Culture

Section 4 Assessment ANALYZING CAUSES

In your opinion, what were the main benefits of government support for art and literature in the 1930s?

THINK ABOUT

• the experiences of Americans in the Depression and the New Deal years • the writers who got their start through the FWP • the subject matter of WPA murals and other New Deal art

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The Impact of the New Deal

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Learn About the effects of New Deal reforms.

To Understand the short-term and long-term impact of the New Deal on American society.

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The Impact of the New Deal

Key Idea The New Deal affects American society not only in the 1930s but also in the decades that follow.

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The Impact of the New Deal

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Section 5 Assessment SUMMARIZING

What were some of the long-term benefits of the New Deal?

The National Labor Relations Board still mediates labor disputes.

The New Deal protected wilderness areas.

New Deal’s long-term benefits Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures accounts up to $100,000.

Social Security still provides assistance to senior citizens, people with disabilities, families, and the unemployed. Securities and Exchange Commission continues to monitor the stock market.

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The Impact of the New Deal

Section 5 Assessment FORMING AN OPINION

Some critics have charged that the New Deal was antibusiness and anti—free enterprise. Explain why you agree or disagree with this charge.

THINK ABOUT

• the expanded power of the federal government • the New Deal’s effect on the economy • the New Deal’s effect on the American people

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5

The Impact of the New Deal

Section 5 Assessment EVALUATING

How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was as a president?

THINK ABOUT

• the condition of the country when he took office • the short- and long-term impact of his policies • his popularity with working-class Americans

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Assessment

1. How did Franklin Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first Hundred Days in office? 2. Summarize the reasons why some people opposed the New Deal. 3. What federal agencies and acts assisted farmers during Roosevelt’s second term?

4. How did the Wagner Act help working people? 5. Explain President Roosevelt’s policies on civil rights.

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Assessment

6. Why did many urban voters support Roosevelt and the Democratic Party? 7. What purpose did movies and radio programs serve during the Great Depression? 8. Which New Deal programs supported artists and writers during the 1930s? 9. List five New Deal agencies or programs that are still in place today.

10. What benefits did the Tennessee Valley Authority provide? What negative impact did it have?

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