Ch.11.1 Notes - Lancaster City Schools

Take 10-15 minutes to finish Chapter 11 Map Activity

If you finish, begin Chapter 11.1 Sequence diagram

Chapter 11

National & Regional Growth or The “Era of Good Feelings”? (1816 -1824)

Today’s Learning Target: Ch.11.1 Analyze how the Industrial Revolution transforms the American economy & society

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Principal Canals in 1840

National & Regional Growth Map Activity

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Wheeling and Vandalia Hudson River Lake Erie and the Ohio River Toledo and Cincinnati Erie Canal and Pennsylvania Canal Chicago, Toledo, Cleveland, and Buffalo Possible answer: merchant might send the goods up the Hudson River to Albany and then west along the Erie Canal to Buffalo

Read, “One American’s Story” p. 365 Now, examine the diagram of the New England textile mill p. 370 What do you notice about the mill? What might working conditions be like in these mills? Read, “Factories Rise in New England” p. 366

Industry develops & transforms America Late 1700s Industrial Revolution begins in Britain as factories start to replace hand tools

1801 Eli Whitney demonstrates the use of interchangeable parts

1790 Samuel Slater builds first American spinning mill & uses children as labor

1813 Francis Cabot Lowell builds a factory that spins yarn & weaves cloth from it

After 1790 Spinning mill owners begin to use entire families for labor

1830s Factories begin to replace water power with steam engines

Early inventions change the way Americans do things 1807 Robert Fulton launches the first steamship the Clermont, on the Hudson River

1836 Blacksmith John Deere invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge

1830 Peter Cooper builds the first successful steampowered locomotive

1837 Samuel F.B. Morse invents the telegraph

1831 Cyrus McCormick gains instant success by designing a mechanical reaper

1844 First long-distance telegraph line carries news from Baltimore to Washington D.C.

Invention Textile Mills Interchangeable Parts Steamboat

Telegraph Steel plow

Mechanical Reaper Threshing Machine

Importance

Invention Textile Mills

Importance Brought workers, machines, & resources under one roof – transforms work.

Interchangeable Parts Steamboat

Parts are the same so assembly is faster

Make travel upstream faster, easier

Telegraph

Communication is almost instant, links the nation

Steel plow

Stronger, cuts better, faster.

Mechanical Reaper

Cuts grain and makes harvesting faster

Threshing Machine

Separates grain from stalk – harvesting is faster

American Industrial Revolution • Economic change in America (farming to manufacturing)

• Factory machines replaced hand tools • Large scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work.

Factory System • Production system that brought workers & machines under one roof • Built near a source of water power • eventually used steam power • Workers left farms & moved to cities • Work for wages •First factories were in New England

Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”)

The Lowell/Waltham (Massachusetts) Factory System:

Lowell’s town - 1814

Lowell in 1850

Lowell Mill

Early Textile Loom

New England Textile Centers: 1830s

Lowell Girls

What was their typical “profile?”

Lowell Mills Time Table

Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

I’m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes I'm a factory girl Everyday filled with fear From breathing in the poison air Wishing for windows! I'm a factory girl Tired from the 13 hours of work each day And we have such low pay Wishing for shorten work times! I'm a factory girl Never having enough time to eat Nor to rest my feet Wishing for more free time! I'm a factory girl Sick of all this harsh conditions Making me want to sign the petition! So do what I ask for because I am a factory girl And I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!

New England Dominance in Textiles

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

Interchangeable Parts Rifle

First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA

By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Conestoga Covered Wagons

Conestoga Trail, 1820s

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

1807: The Clermont

Erie Canal System

Erie Canal, 1820s

Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Principal Canals in 1840

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

Samuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph

Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Actually invented by a slave!