ch33_sec3

January 5, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Social Science, Political Science, International Relations
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

Download ch33_sec3...

Description

Today’s World

Section 3

Threats to World Security Preview • Main Idea / Reading Focus • The Threat of Terrorism • Map: World Terrorism Incidents • Other Threats to Security

Today’s World

Section 3

Threats to World Security Main Idea Terrorism, the potential use of weapons of mass destruction, and ethnic and religious tensions threaten security around the world.

Reading Focus • How does the threat of terrorism affect today’s world? • What other threats to world security exist today?

Today’s World

Section 3

The Threat of Terrorism A major threat to global security today is terrorism, the unlawful use or threat of violence to cause fear and to advance political, religious, or ideological goals. Terrorists often intentionally target unarmed and unsuspecting citizens during their attacks.

Terrorism throughout History • Terrorism not modern phenomenon • Acts of terrorism far more common over last 200 years • Terrorism has been used to overthrow governments, fight for independence, or change society

Terrorist Attacks • Number of worldwide attacks has increased over past few decades

• Violence of attacks also increased, with few regions of world spared • Latin America, illegal drug trade • England, Irish Republican Army • South Asia, Tamil Tigers

The Middle East has become a focus of efforts against terrorist groups.

Today’s World

Section 3

Terrorism in the Middle East • Part of focus because of ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict; has history of Western colonial domination leading to resentment of West among some Arabs

• Region home to radical Muslim organizations claiming Islam justifies terrorist attacks against innocent civilians • In fact terrorist actions contrary to Islamic law, condemned by most Muslims

Islamist Tactics

Support

• 1980s, Hamas, Hezbollah, al Qaeda used terrorist tactics against Israel, Western nations

• Iran’s support of Hezbollah—statesponsored terrorism

• Hamas seeks to destroy Israel, create Palestinian state

• Israel, United States, other nations consider Hezbollah terrorist organization

• Hezbollah supported by Iran, has primary goal of destruction of Israel

• Other nations see it as legitimate resistance movement against Israel

Today’s World

Section 3

Fighting Terrorism New Legislation • After al Qaeda attack September 11, 2001, U.S. government took many actions to prevent future terrorist attacks • Passed new legislation to strengthen international, domestic intelligence

Homeland Security • Established after 9–11; focused on security of nation’s borders, transportation networks • Sought to find, cut off funding sources for terrorist networks

Military Action • Used to pressure countries suspected of supporting terrorists

• 2001, U.S.-led military campaign invaded Afghanistan, forced out Taliban government, which had supported, protected members of al Qaeda

Today’s World

Section 3

Other Military Actions • 2003, another U.S.-led invasion targeted Iraq, dictator Saddam Hussein • Some officials claimed Saddam possessed dangerous biological, chemical weapons, supported anti-American terrorist groups; this later found to be untrue

Similar Security Issues • Other countries faced similar security issues • Bomb attacks on trains, buses in Madrid, London, Jerusalem spurred Spain, Great Britain, Israel to investigate ways to use technology to improve future security for transportation systems

Today’s World

Section 3

Today’s World

Section 3

Make Generalizations How are countries working to prevent terrorism? Answer(s): strengthened intelligence services, increased security, military actions

Today’s World

Section 3

Other Threats to Security In addition to terrorist attacks, there are other threats to global security.

Dangerous Weapons

Biological Weapons

• Many countries possess weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), including

• Made with organisms, toxins found in nature; easy, inexpensive to develop

– Biological weapons – Chemical weapons – Nuclear weapons • Can cause enormous amounts of destruction • Terrorist groups, governments seek to use for own purposes

• Diseases, poisons like anthrax, plague, smallpox • 1972, more than 70 nations signed treaty prohibiting production, possession

• Officials worry about biological attacks by terrorist groups

Today’s World

Section 3

Other Weapons Chemical Weapons • Mustard gas, nerve gas use chemical toxins to kill, injure

• Used in both world wars; used in Iran-Iraq war against Iraqi Kurds, 1980s; nerve gas sarin in Tokyo subway system, 1995

Nuclear Weapons • Biggest threat to world in twenty-first century

• During Cold War, U.S., Soviet Union, 60 other nations signed Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, meant to stop spread of nuclear weapons

Today • Nearly every nation in world has agreed to this treaty

• At least eight countries known to possess nuclear weapons • Others believed trying to develop them

Today’s World

Section 3

Addressing Nuclear Issues Legitimate Use • Difficult to control nuclear weapons • Nuclear technology can be used for legitimate purposes

• International concern over development of nuclear weapons • Many countries making efforts to ensure nuclear technology used safely

Sanctions • International Atomic Energy Agency monitors countries suspected of developing nuclear weapons

• Countries have placed sanctions—economic penalties, on nations considered nuclear threats

Today’s World

Section 3

Ethnic and Religious Conflicts Multiple Threats • High-tech weapons threat: have power to destroy, kill • Ethnic, religious conflicts threat: create willingness to destroy, kill

French, UN Troops

Tutsi, Hutu • 1994, tensions between Tutsi, Hutu ethnic groups led to massacres in Rwanda • 1 million people killed, another 2 million became refugees

Darfur

• Worked to maintain ceasefire in Rwanda until new government could establish order

• Early 2000s, similar situation in Darfur: Arab militias attacked African villagers

• 1998, some involved in the genocide convicted, executed

• By 2006, 400,000 killed, 2 million fled to refugee camps

Today’s World

Section 3

Security Summary • Violence caused by ethnic, religious hatred significant threat to people around world • Nations face – Risk of terrorist attacks

– Use of weapons of mass destruction – Ethnic, religious conflict

• People around world working hard to protect public safety

Today’s World

Section 3

Identify Problem and Solution How are countries and international groups dealing with threats to world security? Answer(s): peacekeeping missions, imposing sanctions

View more...

Comments

Copyright � 2017 NANOPDF Inc.
SUPPORT NANOPDF