Chapter 10 Notes Sections 1-3
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Objectives Identify the causes of WWI Describe the course and character of the war Explain why the US entered the conflict on the
side of the Allies
Nationalism and Imperialism Europe-belief that nations should have one ethnic
group ▪ France-wanted to regain Alsace-Lorraine from Germany ▪ Serbia wanted area of Austria-Hungary where Serbs lived ▪ Economic goals
Militarism Glorification of the military Arms race-Germany building HUGE army and
weapons. Britain-largest navy
Alliances Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain
Assassination June 14th 1914-Archduke Francis Ferdinand
traveling with wife to Sarajevo (province of Bosnia) Group of ethnic Serbs believed Bosnia belonged to Serbia Shot dead with wife in car
Alliances cause chain reaction Germany assures Austria-Hungary of support Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
demanding investigation of assassination or war ▪ Serbia does not comply-Austria-Hungary declares war
Russia mobilizes for war
Germany declares war on Russia France declares war on Germany Germany declares war on neural Belgium (access to France) Great Britain declares war on Germany
Germany takes Belgium and moved into France Dug trenches and used machine guns France and Britain counterattack 450 miles of trenches from Belgium to Switzerland=Western Front Extremely deadly war-poison gas Stalemate-ineffective offensives and effective defenses
“trench foot”, lice, constant fear “no man’s land” between enemy trenches Casualties- millions!
At first-American view was neutral or isolationist Immigrants conflicted in feeling of loyalty German invasion of Belgium changed minds 3 groups: Isolationist Interventionist
internationalist
Britain blockades Germany of essential goods Germany responds by sinking ships with Uboats Sunk British passenger ship Lusitania
Again-French passenger ship Sussex
1915-Wilson starts preparing for war National Defense Act
Naval Construction Act
Wilson wins re-election Jan. 1917 Zimmerman Note Germany sent to Mexico asking for alliance If U.S. declares war on Germany, Mexico declares
war on U.S. In return-Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico and Arizona back
U.S. declares war April 16, 1917
Objectives: Analyze how the American government mobilized
the public to support the war effort Describe opposition to the war Outline significant social changes that occurred during the war
Selective Service Act 1917-authorized a draft for military service Gov. held “great national lottery”
Peace time to war time economy Gov. determined what crops were grown, what
products were produced, etc WIB-War Industry Board ▪ Bernard Baruch ▪ Regulated all industries engaged in war effort
Conservation of food
Public opinion Committee on Public Information (CPI)-convince
public the war was just ▪ George Creel-director
Resistance to the Draft People refused to cooperate-put in jail Conscientious objectors-moral or religious beliefs
forbid them to fight in war
Women work for peace 1st woman in the House voted against war Many feminists opposed
Espionage Act 1917 Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable
newspapers, magazines, or printed material, from the mail
Sedition Act 1918 Unlawful to use disloyal or profane language
about the government Upheld by Schneck v. United States
Prejudice Against German Americans Stopped teaching German in schools, playing
German music Asked German Americans to prove loyalty
Women Entered workforce when men left for war Helped them win the right to vote. Backed by
Pres. Wilson
African Americans Great Migration ▪ Left homes in the South and moved North
Mexican Americans Came to the US for work Lived in barrios
Objectives Understand how the United States military
contributed to the Allied victory in the war Describe the aims of the 14 Points Analyze the decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference Explain why the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty ending WWI
Protect Shipping Convoys-groups of merchant ships sailing
together, protected by warships
Russia Struggling Revolution-new radical communist leader
Vladimir Lenin Drop out of war March 1918 Germany launches all-out offensive on Western Front
American troops arrive in France June 1917 General John Pershing Ended German offensive
U.S. troops distinguish themselves Fought many battles with French-dislodged the
Germans 1.3 million served, 50,000 dead, 230,000 wounded
War ends American troops give Allies the advantage End of 1918, Germany and Austria-Hungary had
enough….Surrendered Nov. 11, 1918 Compiegne, France
Lenin exposed multiple land treaties Russia had with other Allies Wilson said war was about “peace and freedom” Jan. 1918- 14 Points ▪ Promotes openness, independence, freedom ▪ Self-determination ▪ League of Nations
1919 Peace conference in Versailles, France Did not invite Republicans, made them angry! British and French Prime Ministers wanted
Germany to pay reparations and France wanted land back Allies didn’t like all of the 14 points-Kept the League of Nations
New map caused problems Ottoman Empire broken up-ethnic groups divided
German and Irish Americans didn’t like it Irreconcilables Reservationists Wilson traveled across country promoting Senate defeats treaty Without full American support, League failed
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