Chapter 10 Notes Sections 1-3

January 6, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, World History
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Objectives  Identify the causes of WWI  Describe the course and character of the war  Explain why the US entered the conflict on the

side of the Allies



Nationalism and Imperialism  Europe-belief that nations should have one ethnic

group ▪ France-wanted to regain Alsace-Lorraine from Germany ▪ Serbia wanted area of Austria-Hungary where Serbs lived ▪ Economic goals



Militarism  Glorification of the military  Arms race-Germany building HUGE army and

weapons. Britain-largest navy 

Alliances  Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy  Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain



Assassination  June 14th 1914-Archduke Francis Ferdinand

traveling with wife to Sarajevo (province of Bosnia)  Group of ethnic Serbs believed Bosnia belonged to Serbia  Shot dead with wife in car



Alliances cause chain reaction  Germany assures Austria-Hungary of support  Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia

demanding investigation of assassination or war ▪ Serbia does not comply-Austria-Hungary declares war

Russia mobilizes for war

Germany declares war on Russia France declares war on Germany Germany declares war on neural Belgium (access to France) Great Britain declares war on Germany

    



Germany takes Belgium and moved into France Dug trenches and used machine guns France and Britain counterattack 450 miles of trenches from Belgium to Switzerland=Western Front Extremely deadly war-poison gas Stalemate-ineffective offensives and effective defenses

  

“trench foot”, lice, constant fear “no man’s land” between enemy trenches Casualties- millions!

   

At first-American view was neutral or isolationist Immigrants conflicted in feeling of loyalty German invasion of Belgium changed minds 3 groups:  Isolationist  Interventionist

 internationalist

 

Britain blockades Germany of essential goods Germany responds by sinking ships with Uboats  Sunk British passenger ship Lusitania

 Again-French passenger ship Sussex



1915-Wilson starts preparing for war  National Defense Act

 Naval Construction Act

 

Wilson wins re-election Jan. 1917 Zimmerman Note  Germany sent to Mexico asking for alliance  If U.S. declares war on Germany, Mexico declares

war on U.S.  In return-Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico and Arizona back 

U.S. declares war April 16, 1917



Objectives:  Analyze how the American government mobilized

the public to support the war effort  Describe opposition to the war  Outline significant social changes that occurred during the war



Selective Service Act  1917-authorized a draft for military service  Gov. held “great national lottery”



Peace time to war time economy  Gov. determined what crops were grown, what

products were produced, etc  WIB-War Industry Board ▪ Bernard Baruch ▪ Regulated all industries engaged in war effort

 Conservation of food



Public opinion  Committee on Public Information (CPI)-convince

public the war was just ▪ George Creel-director



Resistance to the Draft  People refused to cooperate-put in jail  Conscientious objectors-moral or religious beliefs

forbid them to fight in war 

Women work for peace  1st woman in the House voted against war  Many feminists opposed



Espionage Act 1917  Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable

newspapers, magazines, or printed material, from the mail 

Sedition Act 1918  Unlawful to use disloyal or profane language

about the government  Upheld by Schneck v. United States



Prejudice Against German Americans  Stopped teaching German in schools, playing

German music  Asked German Americans to prove loyalty



Women  Entered workforce when men left for war  Helped them win the right to vote. Backed by

Pres. Wilson 

African Americans  Great Migration ▪ Left homes in the South and moved North



Mexican Americans  Came to the US for work  Lived in barrios



Objectives  Understand how the United States military

contributed to the Allied victory in the war  Describe the aims of the 14 Points  Analyze the decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference  Explain why the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty ending WWI



Protect Shipping  Convoys-groups of merchant ships sailing

together, protected by warships 

Russia Struggling  Revolution-new radical communist leader

Vladimir Lenin  Drop out of war March 1918  Germany launches all-out offensive on Western Front



American troops arrive in France June 1917  General John Pershing  Ended German offensive



U.S. troops distinguish themselves  Fought many battles with French-dislodged the

Germans  1.3 million served, 50,000 dead, 230,000 wounded



War ends  American troops give Allies the advantage  End of 1918, Germany and Austria-Hungary had

enough….Surrendered Nov. 11, 1918 Compiegne, France

 

Lenin exposed multiple land treaties Russia had with other Allies Wilson said war was about “peace and freedom”  Jan. 1918- 14 Points ▪ Promotes openness, independence, freedom ▪ Self-determination ▪ League of Nations



1919 Peace conference in Versailles, France  Did not invite Republicans, made them angry!  British and French Prime Ministers wanted

Germany to pay reparations and France wanted land back  Allies didn’t like all of the 14 points-Kept the League of Nations

 

New map caused problems Ottoman Empire broken up-ethnic groups divided

     

German and Irish Americans didn’t like it Irreconcilables Reservationists Wilson traveled across country promoting Senate defeats treaty Without full American support, League failed

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