Chapter 14 Review Sheet

Chapter 14 Review Sheet Industry and Population -Move west was difficult- disease and supply shortages -Tobacco was prominent in the West -Population of U.S. doubled every 25 years during the 1800’s -1850’s- Millions of Germans and Irish immigrate to the U.S. -Sewage Systems- created as a result of increasing city populations -U.S. was destined for industry- Cheap land and lots of consumers -New England was primarily made up of textile factories because it had poor soil -Embargo Act of 1812- encouraged home manufacturing -1860’s had 28,000 new patents up from 300 in 1800 -Limited Liability- can’t lose more than you invest- stimulated the economy -50% of workers were children -Adult working conditions were improved in the 1820’s and 1830’s -1840’s – President Van Buren establishes 10 hour work days for federal employees -Labor Unions started to form around the 1830’s but suffered during the Panic of 1837 -Commonwealth vs. Hunt- legalized unions for peaceful and honorable protest -South- cotton was 50% of exports -North- mostly wheat with England and textiles -Divison of labor in each region accounted for each region’s specialization in a certain product -South- cotton to New England -West- grain and livestock -East- machines, textiles for South and West Vocab -Black Forties- 1840’s when millions of Irish immigrated to the U.S. (NYC and Boston) due to a famine in Ireland -Nativists- old Americans who hated new comers -Know Nothing Party- anti catholic nativists who wanted to keep new comers out

People/Inventions -Elias Howe and Isaac Singer- Sewing machine -Samuel Morse- Telegraph -Samuel Slater- Father of Factory System- memorized textile machine and brought it to U.S. -Eli Whitney- cotton gin -John Deere- steel plow that cut through hard soil -Cyrus McCormick- invented the mechanical mower-reaper to harvest grain -Robert Fulton- invented the 1st steamboat, the Clermont -Cyrus Field- laid a transatlantic cable in 1866 from U.S. to Europe -Donald Mckay – clipper ships- faster boats -Pony Express- carried messages 2,000 miles in 10 days

-eventually replaced by the telegraph wire

Highways ,Steamboats and Railroads -Lancaster Turnpike- a hard road from Philly to Lancaster, PA that brought economic expansion westward -Cumberland Road aka The National Road- Maryland to Illinois- with state and Fed money -Steamboat increased U.S. trade -“Clinton’s Big Ditch”- Erie Canal- Lake Erie to the Hudson River -shortened the expense and time of transportation between cities along the canal -1st Railroad in the U.S. was introduced in 1828 but by 1860 there were 30,000 miles of tracks -Steamboats connected the south to the west -More canals allow for more trade from the east to the west -New York became the new hub for trade due to the Erie Canal Timeline -1750- Industrial Revolution begins -1791- Samuel Slater builds first U.S. textile factory -1793- Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin -1798- Whitney develops interchangeable parts for muskets -1807- Robert Fulton’s first steamboat Embargo spurs American manufacturing -1811- Cumberland road construction begins -1817- Erie canal begins -1825- Erie canal completed -1828- 1st Railroad in the U.S. -1830’s- Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical mower reaper -1834- Anti Catholic riot in Boston -1837- John Deere Develops steel plow -1840- Ten hour work day by Van Buren -1843-1868- Era of Clipper ships -1844- Samuel Morse invents telegraph and Anti Catholic riot in Philly -1845-49- Potato famine in Ireland -1846- Elias Howe invents sewing machine -1848- first incorporation laws in NY -1849- Know nothing party is formed -1852-Cumberland Road completed -1858- Cyrus field lays the transatlantic cable -1860- Pony Express established -1866- Permanent transatlantic cable is laid