Chapter 16: Citizenship and the Law - Waverly
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CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Chapter 16
Citizenship and the Law Section 1: Crime in the United States Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Section 3: Juvenile Crime
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 1: Crime in the United States
The Main Idea When a person breaks a law, it is called a crime. There are several types of crimes and a variety of reasons why people commit crimes. Reading Focus What are five different types of crime? What are four possible causes of crime? How do we fight crime in the United States? ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Crimes against persons: Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Crime against property: The majority of crimes Involves stealing or destroying property—
petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson Robbery involves property and persons. ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Different types of crime: Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny,
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vandalism, arson, robbery Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice Victimless—gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE Hate Crimes [02:49] HOLT
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Causes of crime: Poverty Illegal drug use Permissive society Urbanization
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 1: Crime in the United States
Fighting crime: 1994—National crime bill includes tougher
sentences and grants for police officers and new jails. Crime prevention education is taught in some schools.
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
SECTION 1
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Question: What are the different types of crime?
Types of Crime
organized crimes
victimless crimes white-collar crimes ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System The Main Idea Police officers arrest people believed to be breaking the law. An accused person must be tried and, if found guilty, punished. Reading Focus What is the role of police officers in the criminal justice system? What is the function of the courts after a suspect has been arrested? How does our corrections system punish lawbreakers? ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Police Officers Protect life and property, prevent crime, and
arrest violators Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Police Officers (continued) Education, background check, aptitude tests,
physical and psychological exams are required. Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills. ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
After a suspect is arrested: Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning. Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges
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dropped or trial is set; bail set Indictment—a formal charge is made Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE Consequences [01:14] HOLT
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Punishing lawbreakers: Fines Imprisonment (People hold different views of its
purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.) Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.) Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.) ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE
SECTION 2
HOLT
Question: What happens after a suspect is arrested?
Suspect is
Suspect is booked
arrested
Trial
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Arraignment
Preliminary hearing
Indictment
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE Teens and Consequences [01:44] HOLT
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 3: Juvenile Crime The Main Idea Most states prefer to handle juvenile, or young, criminals differently than adult criminals, but for some crimes this practice is changing. Juvenile Court [02:22] ‹#›
Reading Focus What is juvenile crime? What are some possible causes of juvenile crime? How does the judicial system handle juveniles who break the law? What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law? HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
Possible causes of juvenile crime: Poor home conditions
Poor neighborhood conditions Gang membership Dropping out of school and unemployment
Alcohol and drugs Peer pressure ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE Juvenile Rights [03:20] HOLT
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: Prior to late 1800s—Juveniles at least seven
years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death. 1870s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding. Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders. ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued) Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile
offenders. 1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process. Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial. ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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IN PRACTICE Juvenile DetentionCIVICS Center [01:06] HOLT
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Section 3: Juvenile Crime
Juveniles charged and found guilty may be placed in a foster home. may be sent to a corrections facility
like a training school. may be given probation. may be sent to a boot camp. Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly. ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
SECTION 3
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Question: What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law? juvenile correctional facility
probation
Juvenile Punishment Options placement in a training school
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boot camp
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT
Chapter 16 Wrap-Up 1. Identify and describe specific examples of five categories of crime. 2. What are some causes of crime? 3. What steps does a criminal suspect go through from the time of arrest to the time of sentencing? 4. What are the punishments that a convicted criminal faces? 5. What are the possible causes of juvenile delinquency? 6. What may a judge do if he or she finds a juvenile guilty of a crime? ‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
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