Chapter 17
Short Description
Download Chapter 17...
Description
World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition
Chapter
17
The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Transformation of the West I. The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce, 1450-1650 II. The Commercial Revolution III. The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change IV. Political Change V. The West by 1750 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Transformation of the West
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce • A New Spirit – Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) Secular writing
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Italian Renaissance • Begins 14th, 15th centuries – In northern Italy
• Italy – Urbanized – Merchant class – Political rivalry
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Italian Renaissance • Petrarch, Boccaccio – Use Italian – Secular topics
• Painting – Use of perspective – Shadow, distance – Focus on humans
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Western Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Italian Renaissance • • • •
Michelango Buonarotti Leonardo da Vinci Nicolo Machiavelli Humanism – Looking back to classical past – Study of texts, especially ancient
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Renaissance Moves Northward • By 1500, impetus moves north • Northern Renaissance – France, Low Countries, England, Germany Thence to eastern Europe
– More concerned with religious matters – William Shakespeare – Miguel de Cervantes
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Protestant and Catholic Reformations • 1517, Martin Luther's challenge – Attacks church institutions – Bible the only authority Vernacular translations
• Protestant protest used for political gain – German opposition to the papacy – Rulers seize church lands
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Protestant and Catholic Reformations • Henry VIII – Establishes Anglican church
• Jean Calvin – Calvinism Predestination
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Protestant and Catholic Reformations • Catholic Reformation – Renewal – Jesuits Missionaries Education
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The End of Christian Unity in the West • Religious Wars – France Calvinists v. Catholics 1598, Edict of Nantes • Promises Protestants’ toleration
– 30 Years War (1618-1648) Devastating to Germany Netherlands independent
• Literacy increases World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Europe Under Absolute Monarchy, 1715
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
European Population Density, c.1600
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Commercial Revolution • The Impact of the World Economy – Inflation, 16th century – Gold, silver from New World – Demand outstrips supply
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Social Protest • • • •
Proletariat develops Attitudes towards poor change Protests Witchcraft hysteria
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Scientific Revolution: The Next Phase of Change • Did Copernicus Copy? • Nicolai Copernicus – Polish monk – Knowledge of work of al-Urdi, al-Tusi? Earlier Arab scientists
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Science: The New Authority • New instruments add to data collection • Galileo Galilei – Uses Copernicus' work
• Kepler’s observations confirm earlier work • William Harvey – Circulatory system
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Science: The New Authority • Methods – Francis Bacon Empirical research
– René Descartes Skepticism
– Isaac Newton System of natural laws
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Science: The New Authority • Deism – God does not intervene with nature
• John Locke – Use of reason
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Political Change • Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies – 17th century, medieval balance disrupted – France dominates Centralized monarchy Bureaucracy “Absolute monarchy" Louis XIV the best example • Nobles kept at court
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Political Change • Absolute and Parliamentary Monarchies – Other absolute monarchs Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary Territorial expansion
– England Difference Civil War • Parliament triumphant
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Western Europe under Absolute Monarchies
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Nation-State Definition • Common language, culture – National literature, songs, foods
• Territorial aspect • Common allegiance
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The West by 1750 • Political Patterns – Great change in central Europe – Frederick the Great of Prussia Religious freedom State regulates economy Overseas commercial networks
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The West by 1750 • Political Patterns – Continual warfare France v. Britain • Rivalry over overseas territory
Prussia v. Austria • Territorial conflicts
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture • Scientific Revolution leads to Enlightenment – Scientific methods applied to other fields
• General principles – People are good – Reason the answer – Belief in progress
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Enlightenment Thought and Popular Culture • Political science – Adam Smith Laissez-faire
• Criminology • Society – Women's rights – Protection of children – Attack inequities World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ongoing Change in Commerce and Manufacturing • Mass consumerism • Agriculture – Nitrogen-fixing crops – Stockbreeding – Swamp drainage – Potatoes, etc. introduced
• Domestic system – Households produce finished goods World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Innovation and Instability • Change becomes the norm
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Global Connections: Europe and the World • Proto-globalization • European attitudes towards others take shape – Feeling of superiority – The “noble savage”
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
View more...
Comments