Chapter 17 Section 3 The South During Reconstruction PowerPoint

Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896) Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

In your opinion, should President Johnson have been removed from office? A. Yes B. No

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In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

African Americans in Government • African American voters played an important role in Reconstruct • Contributing to Republican victories in the South • Some African Americans were able to win seats as elected officials • In South Carolina, African Americans held a majority in the lower house of the legislature • In other states, African Americans held important positions, but never in proportion to their numbers

At the National Level

• 16 African Americans served in the House of Representatives (1869-1880) • 2 African Americans served in the Senate (1869-1880) • One was Hiram Revels- an ordained minister • Revels had recruited African Americans for the Union army • He also started a school for freed African Americans in Missouri • He also served as chaplain of an African American regiment in Mississippi • Revels stayed in Mississippi and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1870

Blanche K. Bruce

• The other African American senator • Also from Mississippi • A former escaped slave • Taught in a school for African Americans in Missouri • In 1869 he went to Mississippi, entered politics, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1874

Scalawags and Carpetbaggers

• Some Southern whites backed the Republicans • Former Confederates called them scalawags (scoundrel or worthless rascal) • Some Northern whites moved to the South after the war and supported the Republican party • Critics called these Northerners carpetbaggers • Some were dishonest, but many were reformers who wanted to help the South • Many Southerners accused the Reconstruction governments of corruption

Southern whites who supported Republicans were called

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Resistance to Reconstruction

• Most Southerners opposed efforts to expand African Americans’ rights • Most white landowners refused to rent land to freed people • Store owners refused them credit and employers would not hire them • Secret societies, such as the Ku Klux Klan, used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men and women • The KKK wore white sheets and hoods

The KKK

• Klan members killed 1000s of African Americans and their white friends • Wounded many more • Burned African American homes, schools, and churches • Many southerners, especially planters and the Democrats, back the KKK • They saw violence as a defense against Republican rule • 1870 and 1871- Laws were passed to stop the violence of the Klan • But most Southerners refused to testify against those who attacked African Americans and their white supporters

Education

• During Reconstruction, African Americans created their own schools • The Freedmen’s Bureau also helped spread education • 1870s- Reconstruction governments created public schools for both races • Within a few years about 50% of white children and 40% of African American children in the South were enrolled • Northern missionary societies set up academies • These academies grew into African American colleges and universities • Fisk University in Tennessee and Morehouse College in Georgia • Only a few states required that schools be integrated, but the laws were not enforced

Farming

• Some African Americans purchased land with the help of the Freedmen’s Bank • Most were unable to get land • The most common form of farmwork for freed people was sharecropping • A landowner rented a plot of land to a sharecropper • An a crude shack, some seeds, and tools (also maybe a mule) • In return, sharecroppers shared a percentage of their crops with the landowners • After paying the landowner, sharecroppers often had little left to sell • For many, sharecropping was little better than slavery

What was the relationship between sharecroppers and landowners? A. Landowners owned sharecroppers. B. Landowners sold small parcels of land to sharecroppers.

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A. A Sharecroppers rented a parcel B. B of land from a landowner. C. C Sharecroppers worked the landowner’s land for a small annual salary. D. D

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In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction? -Before the Civil War, only whites could vote or hold office in the South

- During Reconstruction, African American men gained these rights -African American voters mostly supported Republicans, helping Radical Republicans take control of Southern state governments -Several African Americans were elected to office

Chapter 17 Section 3 Quiz

African American voters were supporters of the Republican Party.

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A. True B. False

Hiram Revels was a plantation owner.

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A. True B. False

A carpetbagger was a poor person from the South who tried to make money in the North.

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A. True B. False

Many Democrats supported the actions of the Ku Klux Klan.

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A. True B. False

The Freedmen's Bank lent money to help African Americans buy land.

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A. True B. False

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Southern whites who supported Republican policy throughout Reconstruction were called A. carpetbaggers. 25% 25% 25% 25% B. Republican hostages. C. scalawags. D. freedmen.

Northerners who moved to the South and supported the Republicans were called

A. carpetbaggers. B. Republican hostages. C. scalawags. D. freedmen.

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One way some Southerners made life difficult for freed African Americans was to

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keep them from holding government positions. keep them out of schools. refuse to give them work. supply them with diseased food.

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What did Southerners who had the most to gain from the reestablishment of white supremacy see as a defense against Republican rule?

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What did African Americans find to be little better than slavery? A. integration B. moving to the North C. sharecropping D. land ownership

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