Chapter 2 Section 3- Spain Builds and Empire

Chapter 2 Section 3 Spain Builds and Empire

Spain Builds and Empire  Spanish Conquistadors – Soldiers that led expeditions to Americas – Came looking for Gold – Conquest of the Aztec  Hernan Cortes – Left Cuba and went west to what is Mexico in 1519 – Land ruled by Aztecs and Moctezuma II – Ended up in Tenochtitlan and saw that the Aztecs had gold and silver – Spanish out numbered (less than 700 to thousands) – Spanish had superior weapons and help from Aztec enemies

Spain Builds and Empire  Conquest of the Aztec (continued) – Malintzin  Indian Woman that helped the Spanish get allies

– Due to a variety of reasons, including small-pox the Aztec empire fell to the Spanish

 Conquest of the Inca – Francisco Pizarro  Only 400 men in the Army, but better weapons  Captured Cuzco and Killed the leaders  By 1534 had control of the entire empire

Spain Builds and Empire  Spanish Settlements – Began to settle newly claimed lands – Span wanted to control the migration though  Jews, Muslims, and non-Christian forbidden in New Spain  Most immigrants were men

– Ruled through a council of officials  Council of Indies (top) – Viceroyalty of Peru- governed most of South America – Viceroyalty of New Spain- governed most of Central America, Mexico and Southern US

Spain Builds and Empire  Settlements (Continued) – 3 types of Settlements  Pueblos- trading posts, and centers of government  Missions- started by priests to convert Natives  Presidios- military bases

– El Camino Real (The Royal Road)  Connected Settlements  Covered from Mexico City to Santa Fe and into California

Spain Builds and Empire  Exploring the Borderlands – Southeast  Ponce de Leon – – – – – –

Landed in Caribbean in 1508 Discovered gold in Puerto Rico Become governor 1512 discovered coast of Florida Searched for Fountain of Youth (Never found it) St. Augustine Florida

 Hernando de Soto – 2 decades after Ponce de Leon got permission to go into what would be the Carolinas – Crossed the Appalachian Mountains – Found the Mississippi River in 1541 – Died 1542 in what would be the Oklahoma area

Spain Builds and Empire  Exploring the Borderlands (continued) – Southwest  1528- Alvar Nunez de Vaca & Paniflo de Narvaez when in to North America  300 men  Started in Florida  Problems with weather and disease  Crashed a boat near what would be Galveston – 4 survivors captured (Including a slave named Estevanico) – After 6 years escaped and continued to explore – The slave became a guide for other groups

 De Vaca returned to Spain and called for better treatment of Natives – Wrote a book about his expedition

Spain Builds and Empire  Exploring the Borderlands (continued) – Southwest  Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – 1540 set out to explore the Southwest and look for Seven Cities of Gold – Discovered the Grand Canyon – Got as far north as Kansas

 Treatment of Native Americans – Natives suffered greatly – Forced Labor  Peninsulares set up encomienda system- Spanish could tax local native Americans or make them work, suppose to protect and convert them, but really became slaves  Set up plantations and forced Natives to work on haciendas (large estates)

Spain Builds and Empire  Role of Catholic Church – Priests were ordered to convert natives to Catholicism – Cultures began to combine – Many such as Bartolome de Las Casas said the conversion needed to be gentle, but the colonists rarely followed that path.