Chapter 21 - next2eden.net

January 29, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Science, Health Science, Immunology
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CHAPTER

21

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following best describes the immune system? a. The set of clearly defined organs that connect structurally to defend the body from pathogens b. The organ set that accumulates pathogens and kills them c. The diverse set of molecules and immune cells that are found in lymphoid tissue and fluids throughout the body d. The set of organs that provides antibodies Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following act as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens? a. Skin

b. Synovial membranes c. Mucous membranes

d. Both a and c

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The two intrinsic defense systems have many components. Which of the following cell types is not a contributor to specific immunity?

a. Natural killer cells b. Plasma cells c. B cells d. T cells

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Which of the following is not a mechanical barrier to pathogen invasion? a. Mucus

b. Lysozyme in tears c. Saliva

d. Interferon

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Macrophages are derived from ________.

a. megakaryocytes

b. monocytes c. T lymphocytes

d. plasma cells

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In order for some phagocytes to destroy certain pathogens they have ingested (like tuberculosis), _____ must be deployed. a. lysosomes

b. diapedesis c. the respiratory burst d. complement

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________ and __________ are the most common phagocytic cells in the blood. a. Neutrophils; eosinophils

b. Eosinophils; monocytes c. Neutrophils; monocytes

d. Natural killer cells; eosinophils

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What characteristic do all inflammatory chemicals share? a. They are all a type of histamine.

b. They all help stop bleeding. c. They are all vasodilators.

d. They are all secreted by macrophages.

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An increase in white blood cell number at sites of injury, which is characteristic of inflammation, is called ________. a. chemotaxis b. leukocytosis

c. leukemia d. diapedesis

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The process by which phagocytes exit capillaries and enter injured tissue is called _________. a. chemotaxis b. leukocytosis c. diffusion

d. diapedesis

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Your hand has a scratch. What signals would indicate that the injury is inflamed? a. Cold, gray, sunken, numb

b. Yellow, not swollen, tingling, normal temperature c. Red, hot, swollen, painful d. No change to the site other than evidence of the scratch

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A patient has contracted the hepatitis C virus. Which of the following drug therapies might be effective? a. Aspirin b. Interferon c. Penicillin d. Ibuprofen

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The basic mechanism employed by complement to fight bacterial infections is _______. a. antibody production b. fever elevation

c. bacterial cell membrane lysis d. antiviral protein synthesis

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The process of attaching complement proteins to the bacterial cell wall to enhance phagocytosis is called _________. a. optimization b. MAC attachment c. complement activation d. opsonization

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What would be the body’s response if the hypothalamus detected pyrogens? a. An increase in body temperature set point

b. Mobilization of lymphocytes from the bone marrow c. Increased sweating to lower body temperature d. Complement inhibition

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Which of the following materials or compounds would be the most highly immunogenic? a. Nonself-antibody b. Plastic c. Hapten d. Self-antibody

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The presence of _______ proteins makes it possible for our immune system to differentiate between our cells and those that are foreign. a. antigenic determinant b. MHC c. hapten d. antibody

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The adaptive immune system involves three major cell types: antigen-presenting cells, T cells, which constitute _______ immunity, and B cells, which govern _______ immunity.

a. nonspecific; specific b. antigenic; allergic

c. MHC; MAC d. cell-mediated; humoral

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_______ become antigenic if they attach themselves to larger proteins. a. Haptens

b. Antigenic determinants c. Pyrogens

d. MHC proteins

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Why would a patient with no thymus lack an effective humoral immune response? a. B cells develop into plasma cells in the thymus. b. T cells are responsible for humoral immunity.

c. B cells are produced in the thymus. d. Certain T cells are required to activate B cells into antibody-producing cells.

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Lymphocytes are educated within primary lymphoid organs. B cells are educated in the _______ while T cells are educated in the ________. a. bone marrow; thymus b. thymus; bone marrow c. bone marrow; bone marrow d. thymus; thymus

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During clonal selection of B cells, those B cells with complementary membrane receptors to the invading antigen will differentiate into ________ cells. a. humoral b. clonal

c. plasma d. T cells

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The basis of immunity is the presence of _______ cells. a. plasma

b. memory c. clonal

d. humoral

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A patient has been immunized against chicken pox. What type of immunity is this? a. Naturally acquired passive b. Artificially acquired passive c. Naturally acquired active d. Artificially acquired active

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In which class of molecules are antibodies classified? a. Carbohydrates

b. Lipids c. Nucleic acids

d. Proteins

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Of the following classes of antibodies, which can cross the placenta? a. IgG

b. IgA c. IgM

d. IgD

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Which of the following best describes an antibody’s mode of action? a. Antibodies punch holes in bacterial cell membranes. b. Antibodies immobilize antigens and mark them for destruction.

c. Antibodies bind to antigens and transport them to the liver for excretion. d. Antibodies secrete antiviral proteins.

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How are T cells “introduced” to antigens?

a. T cells bind to and phagocytose antigens. b. Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T cell recognition and destruction. c. Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic peptides to MHC proteins to which T cells will attach. d. T cells wait in the blood until an antigen collides with them and binds to their TCR. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of action similar to that of complement? a. Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies.

b. Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with perforin, a protein similar to complement’s MAC. c. Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that activate complement. d. Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting cells similar to the complement proteins found on B cells. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

When antibodies develop against a person’s own cells, this is an example of a(n) ________.

a. delayed hypersensitivity b. immediate hypersensitivity

c. allergy d. autoimmune disease

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