Chapter 29
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World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition
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29
The World Between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The World Between the Wars I. The Roaring Twenties II. Revolution: The First Waves III. The Global Great Depression IV. The Authoritarian Response
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The World Between the Wars
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Roaring Twenties • Bouncing Back? – Enormous challenges
• Optimism, creativity – Cubism
• Women – Lose place in workforce – Gain voting rights
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Other Industrial Centers • Canada, Australia, New Zealand – Independence – British Commonwealth of Nations
• United States – Isolationism – "Red scare"
• Japan – Strong economy World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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From Dominions to Nationhood: Formation of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism • Rise, late 1800s • Benito Mussolini – Government, 1922 – Suspends elections, 1926
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism • The New Nations of East Central Europe • Authoritarian governments dominate
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Eastern Europe and The Soviet Union, 1919-1939
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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A Balance Sheet • Representative governments – e.g. Germany, Canada, Japan
• Social change, economic prosperity • Democracy challenged – Italy, central Europe
• American, Japanese powerful
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Revolution: The First Waves • Mexico's Upheaval – Porfirio Díaz Ruler since 1876
– Economy Foreign control
– Francisco Madero 1910, arrested Díaz wins election
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Revolution: The First Waves • Mexico's Upheaval – Rebellion Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata Díaz removed 1913, Madero assassinated
– Victoriano Huerta Returns to Díaz’s style of rule Forced from power, 1914
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Mexico's Upheaval • General Alvaro Obregón • Civil war over by 1920 – Obregón first elected president
• 1917, new constitution • Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940) – Land redistributed Ejidos
– Education expanded World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Culture and Politics in Postrevolutionary Mexico • Indian culture influential – Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco
• Cristeros – Conservative peasant movement
• PRI – Origins in 1920s
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism • Revolution breaks out, 1917 – Alexander Kerensky Provisional government
• November, 1917 – Bolsheviks (Communist Party) – Lenin Closes parliament Congress of Soviets
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism • 1918-1921 – Reaction against communism
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Stabilization of Russia’s Communist Regime • Leon Trotsky – Red Army
• Lenin's New Economic Policy, 1921 • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1923
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Soviet Experimentation • Gains for workers, women • Lenin – Death, 1924 – Succeeded by Stalin
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Toward Revolution in China • Last Qing emperor abdicates, 1912 • Yuan Shikai – Heads coalition
• Japan invades
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative • Sun Yat-sen – Revolutionary Alliance – Elected president, 1911 Parliament
– Resigns, 1912 Yuan becomes president
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative • Japan – Twenty-one demands to Yuan – Yuan refuses – Control confirmed by Versailles
• May 4, 1919 – Mass demonstrations – Call for Western political reform
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative • Li Dazhou – Marxism adopted to Chinese situation – Influences Mao Zedong
• Communist Party of China, 1921
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang • Guomindang (Nationalist Party of China) – Sun Yat-sen – Allies with Communists – Supported by Soviet Union – Whampoa Military Academy, 1924 Chiang Kai-shek, first leader
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Mao and the Peasant Option • Chiang Kai-shek – Succeeds as head of Guomindang, 1925 – Begins civil war, to 1949
• Mao Zedong – Long March to Shanxi, 1934
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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China in the Era of Revolution and Civil War
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Global Great Depression • Causation – Recession, 1920-1921
• The Debacle – October, 1929 – New York Stock Market crash
• Depression deepens, 1929-1933
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Global Great Depression • Soviet Union – Immune
• West – Welfare programs
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Responses to the Depression in Western Europe • Governments have little impact – Radicalism attractive
• Popular Front, 1936 – Liberals, Socialists, Communists
• The New Deal – Franklin Roosevelt
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Authoritarian Response • The Rise of Nazism – Fascism, 1920s
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Adolf Hitler • National Socialist party – 1932 elections
• Anti-semitic • 1933, takes power • Totalitarian
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Rhineland • Rhineland – Occupied, 1936 – No response
• Anschlutz, 1938 • Sudetan Land, 1938-1939 • Invasion of Poland, 1939
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War • Mussolini – Ethiopia, 1935
• Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 – Germany, Italy support right – Russia, Western volunteers support left
• Japan invades China, 1937 • Axis, 1940 – Germany, Italy, Japan World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Economic and Political Changes in Latin America • Economic expansion • Reaction to liberalism
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Great Crash and Latin American Responses • Conservatives – Corporatism
• Fascism • Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940) – Reform
• Cuba – Revolution, 1933
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Vargas Regime in Brazil • 1929 Election – Civil war – Gétulio Vargas, president
• Vargas – Reform – New constitution, 1937 Influenced by Mussolini
– Suicide, 1954 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Argentina: Populism, Perón, and the Military • Economic collapse, 1929 – Nationalists Take control, 1943
• Juan d. Perón – Wife, Eva Duarte – Coalition government – Driven from power, 1955 – Maintains influence World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Argentina: Populism, Perón, and the Military • Death of Perón, 1974 – Return of military rule
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Militarization of Japan • Nationalists • Revolts, 1932, 1936 – Military gains power
• Tojo Hideki – Influence over prime ministers
• War with China, 1937 – Military ascendant
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Militarization of Japan • By 1938 – Control of Korea, Manchuria, Taiwan
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Expansion of Japan to the Outbreak of World War II
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Industrialization and Recovery • Industrialization from 1931
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Stalinism in the Soviet Union • From 1927 • Industrialization
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Economic Policies • Collectivization, 1928 – Mechanization – Kulaks resist Suppression
• Five-year plans – Factories
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Toward an Industrial Society • Totalitarian Rule – Harsh suppression of criticism – 1939, ally with Hitler
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Global Connections: Economic Depression, Authoritarian Response, and Democratic Retreat
• Consequences of the Great Depression – Surge of nationalism – Ties between nations weakened – Tariffs cause animosity
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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