Chapter 3 Amer - Fullerton Union High School

The Growth of a Young Nation

The Jeffersonian Era Jefferson won a close and bitter Election in 1800   

Won the most popular vote Tied in electoral college with Aaron Burr Hamilton broke the tie

12th Amendment changed the way the president would be chosen Jefferson’s Theory-Jeffersonian republicanism  

People should control the government Government should be simple and small

He reduced the size of the military and lowered governmental expenses

Jeffersonian Era He was the first president to take office in the new federal capitalWashington DC 1st of three presidents from VA This showed rise of southern political power At the same time the Supreme Court was increasing its power

Marbury vs. Madison Chief Justice was John Marshall Strengthened power of Supreme Court Ruled a law passed by congress unconstitutional This power was called judicial review

1803-Jefferson got chance to buy land from France Wasn’t sure he had Constitutional power to buy it Bought it anyway-3 cents per acre Called the Louisiana Purchase New boundaries stretched from Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

Louisiana Purchase

Madison and War of 1812 Britain and France were at war Both threatened American ships British engaged in impressment  

seized American sailors forced to serve in British navy

America’s anger grew Madison becomes president in 1808 He asks Congress to declare war on Britain

War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent

The British attacked Washington DC Madison had to flee the city Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleansbecomes a hero! Treaty of Ghent ended the war Three outcomes of war   

Anti-war Federalists Party died out America began to develop their own industries Showed that United States was truly independent

Nationalism National pride grew after the war 1816-Monroe elected Choses John Quincy Adams as Sec. Of State Adams based foreign policy on nationalism 

Nation’s intrest come before what a region wants

He settled some issues with Britain Convinced Spain to give Florida to United States-with help of Jackson

Monroe Doctrine 1823-Monroe warned European nations not interfere with any nation in the Americas He said United States would stay out of European affairs Policy statement was known as Monroe Doctrine Still used today!

The Age of Jackson

Chapter 3 sec. 2

Regional Economic Create Differences

Early in the 19th century regions of the US developed differently. Northern states economy depended on Commerce 

Trade, shipping, production of materials

The South remained agricultural 

Cotton, tobacco

Missouri Compromise 1818: Settlers wanted admission Free or Slave State? The Compromise Maine admitted as free state  Missouri as a slave 

The rest of the Louisiana Territory Split into 2 parts  36’ 30  Slavery banned in the North (except for Missouri)  South of it was legal 

Indian Removal Act of 1830 Under the Authority of President Jackson Forceful removal of Native Amer. to west Removal of Indian  

from 1831-33 Again in 1835

An estimated 30,000 Indians forced to move west of the Mississippi.

Worcester v. Georgia 1832 The Cherokee Nation took the state of Georgia to court They won their case Jackson refused to follow the order Even so, still forcibly removed Indians walked 1000s of miles 1/4of the Cherokee would die along the way The Trial Of Tears

Nullification Southerners objected to tariffs John C. Calhoun fought for states’ rights Argued that states could nullify federal laws they felt were unconstitutional 1832-South Carolina tried to nullify a federal tariff 

threatened to secede from the union

Daniel Webster (Mass) opposed nullification Henry Clay worked out compromise to keep S.C in Union

Bank War Jackson was against 2nd National Bank Took federal money out of the national bank and put it in other hands National bank went of existence People began to think that Jackson had too much power Whig Party was formed

Election of 1824 John C. Calhoun John Quincy Adams William Crawford Henry Clay Andrew Jackson

Democrat Republican Whig

Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams

Growth of Political Parties

Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison Daniel Webster Hugh White

Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison

Panic of 1837 Martin Van Buren Elected President in 1836 By 1837-many banks that Jackson had put money into failed Helped cause the Panic of 1837 and a depression 1840-Van Buren loses to Wm Henry Harrison (Whig) Harrison dies soon after-vice-president john Tyler takes over

Manifest Destiny

Chapter 3 Section 3

Terms and Names Manifest destiny Santa Fe Trail Oregon Trail Stephen F Austin Texas Revolution The Alamo Sam Houston James K Polk Republic of California Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Settling the Frontier Many Americans believed that God wanted them to move across the continent Believed that they were meant to control the westmanifest destiny Why go west?  

Economic reasons-cheap land After panic of 1837 many wanted fresh start

Paths to the west  

Santa Fe Trail-Independence, MO & Santa Fe, New Mexico Oregon Trail-Independence & Portland, Oregon

Mormons-used Oregon trail to Utah Had been persecuted in the East Settled on edge of the Great Salt Lake

Texas Independence 1820s-Mexico encouraged Americans to settle in Texas They were offered land to help make area more stable Stephen F Austin-set up a colony of Americans in Texas Soon Anglos outnumbered the Spanish-speaking Texans Created cultural differences  



English instead of Spanish Protestant instead of Catholic Southerners who brought slaves

Mexico had outlawed slavery in 1829 Mexicans unsuccessful in getting Texans to free slaves

Texas Independence Mexico tried to keep more Americans from coming Settlers came anyway Austin asks Mexico for self-government in Texas 1836-War breaks out-called Texas Revolution Small Texas force tried to defend the Alamo All 187 Americans were killed when Mexico captured the mission

“Remember the Alamo” Became the rallying cry for Texas rebels Sam Houston became commander of the Texans  

They captured Santa Anna Won their independence

1844-James K Polk-President  

Slaveholder Favored westward expansion

1845-Texas admitted as state

The Mexican-American War 1846-48 For the first time the US went to war not for independence, or foreign provocation but for territorial expansion. Polk, believed war with Mexico would allow the US to take over the Texas, New Mexico and California territory Polk implied that Texas was a part of the Louisiana purchase, and treated it as US property Sent troops under Gen. Zachary Taylor to protect our border’s Tension escalated when Taylor crossed the Rio Grande. An American Soldier was found dead and an American patrol was attacked. That all the provocation Polk needed to declare war

After several military victories Mexico conceded defeat The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border The US gained Texas, New Mexico And California

1848-Gold discovered in California People “rushed” to California for gold These “49ers” came from all over America as well as other countries

California’s population exploded San Francisco became a boom town Thousands of people came to California Development of farming, manufacturing, shipping, and banking grew rapidly

Chapter 3 Section 4

Great economic changes in the US during the first half of the 19th century Market revolution-people bought and sold goods rather than making them for themselves Free enterprise-economic system in which private businesses and individuals control production Both expanded at this time Entrepreneurs-invested in new industries New industries produced goods that:    

Made life more comfortable Improved manufacturing Improved transportation Improved communications

New Inventions

Different regions became dependent on each other Each region needed goods produced by other regions North became the center of commerce and manufacturing Midwest became a farming region 

Crops were carried by canal and train to markets in the East

South remained agricultural   

Cotton Rice Tobacco 

Slaves were used to raise those crops

Changing Workplaces New market economy changed the way Americans worked Factories took the place of home shops New machines allowed unskilled workers make goods that skilled workers had made These workers had to work in factories Thousands of people worked in textile mills   

Hired young women instead of men-could be paid less “Mill girls” lived in boarding houses owned by factories Working conditions were horrible   

Workday-more than 12 hours-a-day Hot, noisy and dirty Many became ill

Workers Organize Bad working conditions led workers to unite 1834-Lowell textile mill cut wages by 15% Mill girls went on strike Public support was against the workers 1830s-40s-there were many strikes for shorter work days Employers won strikes by hiring strike-breakers 

Many were European immigrants

Immigration increased between 1830-1860 Most met prejudice in the United States

The First Unions Small trade unions began to band together in the 1830s National Trades’ Union formed in 1834 

Represented a variety of trades

At first strikes were declared illegal 1842-Commonwealth v. Hunt 

Massachusetts Supreme Court supported the workers right to strike

Reforming American Society TOPIC

AIMS/GOALS

Second Great Awakening Bring more people to God

Unitarianism Transcendentalism Abolition Women’s Rights

Religious and Social Reforms of the 19th Century

Second Great Awakening

Educational Reform

Women’s Rights

Lyman Beecher Charles G Finney

Lyman Beecher Horace Mann

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Abolitionist Fredrick Douglas Henry Highland Garnet William Lloyd Garrison

Mentally Ill & Handicapped Dorothea Dix Thomas Gallaudet Samuel Gridley Howe

Temperance Movement

Lyman Beecher

Study FOR

Your