Chapter 31
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World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition
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31
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War I. II. III. IV. V. VI.
After World War II: A New International Setting for the West The Resurgence of Western Europe Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand Culture and Society in the West Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
After World War II: A New International Setting for the West • Europe and Its Colonies – Most colonies abandoned hostility force necessary • force eschewed
– Vietnam French forced out, 1954
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
After World War II: A New International Setting for the West • Europe and Its Colonies – Algeria independence, 1962
– Egypt Britain, France attack U.S., Russia force them to withdraw
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Cold War • Eastern block formed – Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany
• Marshall Plan, 1947
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Cold War • Germany – allies rebuild, from 1946 – Russian blockade, 1947 – American airlift – split, 1948
• NATO, 1949 • Warsaw Pact
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Soviet and Eastern European Boundaries by 1948
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Spread of Aryan Settlement • Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the IndoAryan family of languages • Arrived in waves from either central Asia or the Iranian plateau, mixed with local people and moved eastward to the Ganges by 1000 B.C.E.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Germany After World War II
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Resurgence of Western Europe • The Spread of Liberal Democracy – Christian Democrats social reform
• Federal Republic of Germany • France – Fifth Republic, 1958
• Portugal, Spain – democratic, parliamentary systems World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The Resurgence of Western Europe • The Welfare State – Western Europe United States, Canada later unemployment insurance medicine housing family assistance
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The European Union
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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New Challenges to Political Stability • Civil rights movement • Feminism, environmentalism – Green Movement
• The Diplomatic Context – European Economic Community, 1958 Common Market
– Single currency, 2001 euro
– European Community, 2002 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Economic Expansion • Economic growth • High unemployment elsewhere – workers into Europe, U.S.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Women at Work
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand • The Former Dominions – Canada welfare policies French/English division 1982, new constitution
– Australia, New Zealand defense pact with U.S., 1951 take part in Korean War Australia supports U.S. in Vietnam from 1970s, more independent World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The "U.S. Century"? • 1950s – policy of containment against Soviet Union
• Vietnam, 1960s – U.S. withdraws, 1975
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Culture and Society in the West • Social Structure – White-collar sector expands – Crime rates increase – Racism, anti-immigration conflict
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Culture and Society in the West • The Women's Revolution – 1950s more education job opportunities access to divorce reproductive rights
– Simone de The Second Sex, 1949 Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Culture and Society in the West • Western Culture – "Brain drain" to U.S. – Genetics, nuclear, space research – Pop art – Pablo Picasso
• A Lively Popular Culture – Vitality in popular culture
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire • The Soviet Union as Superpower – Expands in Pacific Pacific Islands, North Korea
– Influence via aid Chinese, Vietnamese communism Nationalists in Africa, Middle East, Asia
– Cuba alliance
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe • Dominance of all but Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia • East Germans protest, 1953 – suppressed – Berlin Wall, 1961 to stop flight to west
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe • After 1956, death of Stalin – Hungary, Poland moderate regimes Hungary crushed
– Czechoslovakia liberal regime suppressed, 1968
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe • Poland – Army takes control, 1970s
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Evolution of Domestic Policies • Cultural isolation
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions • Orthodox Church – state control
• Jews restricted • Party ideals dictate art – literature retains vitality – Alexander Solzhenitsyn
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Economy and Society • Industrialization by 1950s – state control
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Economy and Society • De-Stalinization – Kruschev, 1956 – attacks Stalinism – followed by stagnation
• Space, arms race • Rift with China, 1950s • Invasion of Afghanistan World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Global Connections: The Cold War and the World • The cold war dominates much of the history of the period from1945 to 1992 – Some countries profit
• Commonalities – Secularism – Emphasis on science – Challenges to social conventions
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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