THE GEOGRAPHY OF
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Chapter 4 – Transport THIRD EDITION Terminals APPLICATIONS
Copyright © 1998-2015, Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549 USA.
[email protected] You may use the figures within for educational purposes only. No modification or redistribution permitted. For more information: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans
Usage Conditions • DO NOT COPY, TRANSLATE OR REDISTRIBUTE THIS DOCUMENT. • The contents of this document can be freely used for personal or classroom use ONLY.
• Although the material contained in this document is freely available, it is not public domain. Its contents, in whole or in part (including graphics and datasets), cannot be copied and published in ANY form (printed or electronic) without consent. • If you have accessed this document through a third party (such as a content farm), keep in mind that this party is illegally redistributing this content. Please refer to the true source (http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans) instead of the third party. • Permission to use any graphic material herein in any form of publication, such as an article, a book or a conference presentation, on any media must be requested prior to use. • Information cited from this document should be referred as: Rodrigue, J-P et al. (2013) The Geography of Transport Systems, Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies & Geography, http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Mega Airport Projects
THIRD EDITION
Application 1 Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Location of the Dallas / Fort Worth Airport
£ ¤
75
§ ¦¨ 35
£ ¤
81
DFW
§ ¦¨
§ ¦¨ ¨¦§ ¨¦ § ¨¦ §
635
35
635
§ ¦¨
635
35
§ ¦¨ ¨§ ¦ ¨¦ § V § U ¨¦ ¨¦ U § V £ ¤ ¨¦ § ¨¦ § £ ¤ Worth ¨¦ § 35
820
820
199
¨¦ ¨§ ¦ § ¨¦ ¨¦ § § 30
30
20
820
Fort
180
V U
820
287
80
45
V U ¨¦ § Dallas
§ ¦¨
20
310
20
§ ¦¨
§ ¦¨
20
35
£ ¤
§ ¦¨
180
287
30
78
35
30
§ ¦¨
V U
35
45
35
£ ¤
£ ¤
67
175
§ ¦¨ 45
10
5
0
10 Miles
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
1,200
60
1,000
Passengers
50
Thousands
70
800
40 600
Cargo
Millions
Passengers and Freight Traffic, DFW, 1982-2013
30 400
20
200
10 0
0 Passengers
Cargo (in tons)
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Configuration of Dallas / Fort Worth Airport REDO MAP USING A GOOGLE EARTH BACKGROUND
Terminal 2W
N
Fort Worth
Hotel Highway
Toll
Parking
Toll
Dallas
Terminal 4E
Terminal 3E
Terminal 2E
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
THIRD EDITION
Application 2 Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Major Planning Agencies Involved in the New York Metropolitan Area Agency
Jurisdiction
New York Metropolitan Transportation Council
Type
Functions
New York City and 5 counties in NY
MPO
Plan, coordinate
North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority
13 counties in New Jersey
MPO
Plan, coordinate
New York State Department of Transportation
State of New York
State highways and traffic control systems
DOT
Plan, build, maintain
New Jersey Department of Transportation
State of New Jersey
State highways and traffic control systems
DOT
Plan, build, maintain
New York City Department of Transportation
City of New York
Local streets, arterials, traffic control DOT systems
Plan, build, maintain
Port Authority of New York and New Port district in NY and NJ Jersey
Marine terminals, bridges, tunnels, airports, transit system
Special purpose
Plan, build, operate, maintain, issue debt, toll, collect rent
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
New York City and 7 counties in NY
Buses, subways, commuter lines, bridges, tunnels
Special purpose
Plan, build, operate, maintain, issue debt, toll, collect rent
New York City Economic Development Corporation
New York City
Marine terminals
Special purpose
Plan, operate, maintain
Federal Agencies: USDOT, FHWA, FTA United States
Modes
Oversight, regulate
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Financial Profile of the New York – New Jersey Port Authority, 2003
Gross Operating Revenues ($2.76 billion)
5%
Assets ($11.4 billion)
5% 3% 29%
32%
Interstate Transportation Network Air Terminals Port Commerce World Trade Center
Interstate Transportation Network Air Terminals
3% 2%
Port Commerce
12%
World Trade Center
51%
58% Economic & Waterfront Development
Economic & Waterfront Development
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Gross Operating Revenues ($3.837 billion)
Aviation
Tunnels, Bridges & Terminals
Rail (Path)
Port Commerce
Development
World Trade
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Distribution of General Cargo Operations, Port of New York, 1959, 1987 and 2000
2000
New Jersey 1987
Brooklyn
Manhattan Staten Island
1959
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Main Container Ports of the American East Coast, 1985-2005 (TEUs) Boston
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Philadelphia Palm Beach Wilmington Baltimore Jacksonville Port Everglades Miami
Savannah Hampton Roads Charleston New York/New Jersey 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Millions
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Millions
Cargo Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2011 (metric tons) 90 80 70 60 50
Bulk Cargo Exports General Cargo Exports
40
Bulk Cargo Imports General Cargo Imports
30 20 10
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Millions
Container Traffic Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2011 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
Containers Handled
TEUs 2.0
1.0
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0.0
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Motor Vehicles Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2011 1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Imports Exports Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
On-Dock Rail Lifts, 1991-2012 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Millions
Passengers Handled at New York’s Major Airports, 1989-2011 120
100
80
60
40
20
JFK
EWR
LGA
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
0 SWF
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Millions of short tons
Freight handled at New York’s Major Airports, 1985-2011 3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
JFK
EWR
LGA
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
0.0 SWF
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Inland Flows, Port of New York c2010
Exports
57
7
4
14
18
NY/NJ Metropolitan Region Other Mid Atlantic (NJ,NY,PA) New England Other East of Mississippi West of Mississippi Imports
76
0%
20%
40% 60% Share of Tonnage
4 3
80%
10
7
100%
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Port Inland Distribution Network of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Containers Handled by the Port of Albany – PIDN, April 2003, January 2006 600
500
400
300
200
100
Jan-06
Dec-05
Nov-05
Oct-05
Sep-05
Aug-05
Jul-05
Jun-05
May-05
Apr-05
Mar-05
Feb-05
Jan-05
Dec-04
Nov-04
Oct-04
Sep-04
Aug-04
Jul-04
Jun-04
May-04
Apr-04
Mar-04
Feb-04
Jan-04
Dec-03
Nov-03
Oct-03
Sep-03
Aug-03
Jul-03
Jun-03
May-03
Apr-03
0
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Number of Containers Handled, Northbound and Southbound Routes, Port of Albany, 2005
Northbound
Southbound
0
200
400
600
800
1000 Full
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Empty
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Potential Modal Split Changes Due to the PIDN
2020
Truck Rail Barge 2001
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Daily Truck Volumes Generated by Port Container Terminals, 2001
Red Hook
Global Marine
Port Newark
Howland Hook
Port Elizabeth 0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
The Port of Savannah Logistics Cluster
THIRD EDITION
Application 3 Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Container Traffic at Selected East Coast Ports, 1990-2013 3,000,000
2,500,000
Savannah Charleston Hampton Roads Halifax Montreal Jacksonville Miami
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Monthly Traffic in TEU, Port of Savannah, 2003-2014 350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
Sep-14
Apr-14
Nov-13
Jun-13
Jan-13
Aug-12
Mar-12
Oct-11
May-11
Dec-10
Jul-10
Feb-10
Sep-09
Apr-09
Nov-08
Jun-08
Jan-08
Aug-07
Mar-07
Oct-06
May-06
Dec-05
Jul-05
Feb-05
Sep-04
Apr-04
Nov-03
Jun-03
Jan-03
0
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Containerized Imports and Exports, Port of Savannah 3,000,000
1
0.9 2,500,000
0.8 0.7
2,000,000
0.6 1,500,000
0.5 0.4
1,000,000
Imports Exports Share Imports / Exports
0.3 0.2
500,000
0.1 0
0 2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Main Logistics and Industrial Development Zones in the Savannah Logistic Cluster Development
Owner
Acreage
Warehousing (sf)
Bryan County Interstate Centre
Bryan County
1074
9,000,000
CenterPoint Intermodal Center
CenterPoint Properties
233
1,457,600
Chatham County Industrial Site
Chatham County
1662
TBD
Crossgate Industrial Park
Solution Property Group
352
4,116,100
Crossroads Business Park
SEDA
1661
2,711,000
Dean Forest Road Site
North Point Industrial
131
TBD
I-16 Industrial Park Research Tract
Effingham County Development Authority Effingham County Development Authority
1739 3150
TBD TBD
Effingham Industrial Park
Effingham County Development Authority
550
NA
Exley Tract South Grande View
New Savannah LLC Old Augusta Road Developers LLC
754 457
6,000,000 TBD
Riverport McCormick-Kicklighter Tract Morgan Center Newton Tract North Point Industrial
SLF
Monteith Road
1440 555 251 720 100
15,500,000 3,745,000 3,322,108 2,900,000 1,105,000
Northport Industrial Park
Solution Property Group
320
4,184,000
Savannah River International Trade Park Tradeport Business Center (West) Tradeport Business Center (East) Tremont Industrial Center
GPA Liberty County Development Authority Liberty County Development Authority Johnson Development
433 3590 1644 143
NA NA NA 1,429,080
Belfast Commerce Centre
Terrapointe
904
7,300,000
AMB
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Crossroads Business Park
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Inland Ports
THIRD EDITION
Application 4 Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Some Terms Used to Define Inland Nodes Term
Definition
Inland clearance depot
A common-user inland facility, with public authority status, equipped with fixed installation, and offering services for handling and UNECE (1998), see also Roso (2005), Jaržemskis and temporary storage of any kind of goods (including container) carried under customs transit by any applicable mode of inland surface Vasiliauskas (2007), Roso et al (2009) transport, placed under customs control to clear goods for home use, warehousing, temporary admission, re-export, temporary storage for onward transit, and outright export.
Inland container depot
A common user facility with public authority status, equipped with fixed installations and offering services for handling and temporary storage of import/export stuffed and empty containers.
Roso (2005), Jaržemskis and Vasiliauskas (2007), Roso et al (2009)
Intermodal freight centre
A concentration of economic independent companies working in freight transport and supplementing services on a designated area where a change of transport units between traffic modes can take place.
Cardebring and Warnecke (1995), Roso et al (2009)
Inland freight terminal
Any facility, other than a seaport or an airport, operated on a common-user basis, at which cargo in international trade is received or dispatched. An inland port is located inland, generally far from seaport terminals. It supplies regions with an intermodal terminal or a merging point for traffic modes – rail, air, and truck routes – involved in distributing merchandise that comes from seaports. An inland port usually provides international logistics and distribution services, including freight forwarding, customs brokerages, integrated logistics, and information systems. A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected to seaport(s) with high capacity transport mean(s), where customers can leave/pick up their standardized units as if directly to a seaport. Dry port can be understood as an inland setting with cargo-handling facilities to allow several functions to be carried out, for example, consolidation and distribution, temporary storage, custom clearance, connection between transport modes, allowing agglomeration of institutions (both private and public) which facilitates the interactions between different stakeholders along the supply chain. This type of terminal is almost exclusively aimed at transshipping continental freight. There is almost no collection and distribution in the region where the terminal is located. The freight arrives at and departs from the terminal in huge flows. The terminal is characterized by large areas that enable direct transshipment between trains and/or barges. The corresponding bundling model is the hub-and-spoke network.
UNECE (1998), see also Jaržemskis & Vasiliauskas (2007), Roso et al (2009) Economic Commission for Europe (2001), see also Jaržemskis and Vasiliauskas (2007), Roso et al (2009)
Inland port
Dry port
Transfer terminal
Source
Leveque and Roso (2002), Roso (2005), Roso et al (2009), Ng and Gujar (2009)
Wiegmans et al (1999)
Distribution terminal
At this terminal value added is created in the form of an extra service provided by the terminal operator. From location A, B, and C Wiegmans et al (1999) continental freight arrives at the terminal and is consolidated into shipments for customers X, Y, and Z. One or more terminal services is added by the terminal operator to the shipments at the terminal. The corresponding bundling model is line network.
Hinterland terminal
Small continental cargo shipments are brought to the hinterland terminal and consolidated into bigger freight flows. These bigger freight Wiegmans et al (1999) flows are further transported by larger transport means such as trains or barges. The corresponding bundling model is the trunk line with a collection and distribution network.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Basic Requirements for Inland Ports
Intermodal Rail Terminal (Massification)
Logistics Activities (Agglomeration)
Rail Corridor to the Gateway (Massification)
Co-Location Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Main Advantages of Co-location Factor
Advantages
Real estate
Lower land acquisition costs. Higher acquisition capital. Joint land use planning.
Specialization
Rail company; terminal development and operations. Real estate promoter; logistic zone development and management.
Interdependency
Respective customers. Joint marketing.
Drayage
Priority gate access. Shorter distances. More delivery trips. Higher reliability.
Asset utilization
Better usage level of containers and chassis. Chassis pools. Empty container depots.
Information technologies
Integration of terminal management systems with inventory management systems.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Functions of Inland Terminals
Port B
A
Corridor
C
Access regional markets; Intermodal, warehousing, and logistics functions; Linked with logistics parks and foreign trade zones.
C – Transshipment
Close to a port facility; Handle traffic and functions that have become too expensive at the port; Container transloading.
B – Load Center
A – Satellite Terminal
Drayage
Link systems of freight circulation either through the same mode (e.g. rail-to-rail) or through intermodalism (e.g. rail-to-truck).
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Main Driving Forces behind the Setting of Inland Terminals
Land Value Capacity and Congestion
Hinterland Access Supply Chain Management
• Deep sea terminal facilities having limited land available for expansion. • Intensification of activities at the main terminal and the search of lower value locations supporting less intensive freight activities.
• Increases the intermodal capacity of inland freight distribution. • Diminishing returns such as congestion, energy and empty movements.
• Higher level of accessibility because of lower distribution costs and improved capacity. • Allow ports to compete and thus to extend their cargo base. • A commercial and trade development tool.
• A location actively integrated within supply chain management practices. • Freight distribution centers, custom clearance, container depots and logistical capabilities.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Functional Pairing of Inland Ports Functional Pairing
Hinterland Corridor Gateway
Inland Port
Foreland
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
The Massification of Transportation in Inland Systems Inland Load Center Network Formation and Logistics
Port
Port
Port
On-dock / near dock rail Direct truck
IT
IT
Port-Centric
Corridor
Rail / Barge
IT
Inland Terminal
End haul
IT
IT
Inland Port
Intermodal Industrial Park
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Modal Shift and Inland Freight Diversion A
A
Flows
Relations
Road
Gateway
Satellite Terminal Inland Port
Rail
B
B
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Functional Relations between Inland Terminals and their Hinterland
Freight Region Logistics Pole FLOWS & INTEGRATION
Port
I
II
III
Inland Terminal Logistics activities Retailing and manufacturing activities
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Profitability of Inland Terminals: Balancing Volume and Service Area
Gateway Port
TEU Potential
High Profitability
Inland Terminal
High volume potential and low haul costs (Ideal Case)
High haul costs compensated by high volume 20,000 TEU
10 km
Low volume compensated by low haul costs Volume
15 km Service Area
High Low
Bad situation with high haul costs. Limited costumers
Service Area
Low Profitability
60 km
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Inland Terminal Life Cycle
Traffic
Subsidies / Investments
Planning
Setting
Growth
Maturity
Decline
Profit Concept
Stage 1
Operations begin
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Inland Terminal Life Cycle Phase
Characteristics
Planning
Relevance and viability studies. Local support. Attraction of users and investment commitments. High risk and subsidy level.
Setting
Construction of terminal and distribution facilities. First users (some can be transitional).
Growth
Realization of market potential. Growth of traffic. Capture of additional users. Clustering effect and generation of added value.
Maturity
Traffic stabilization. Available space filled and/or few new users. Non-commercial activities (housing). Revenue generation optimal.
Decline
Change in market conditions. Departure of users. Reemergence of subsidies.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Added Value Activities Performed at an Inland Port Activity
Functions
Consolidation / Deconsolidation
Inventory management practices. Cargo consolidated (or deconsolidated) into container loads (paletization). Attaining a batch size (group of containers) fitting a barge or a train shipment. Breaking down batches so that they can be picked up by trucks.
Transloading
Change in to load unit (Maritime / Domestic). Consolidation, deconsolidation and transloading commonly mixed.
Postponement
Opportunity to route freight according to last minute and last mile considerations (dwell time). Buffer within a supply chain.
Light transformations
Forms of product and package transformations (packaging, labeling). Customization to national, cultural or linguistic market characteristics.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Operational Advantages of Foreign Trade Zones (FTZ) Issue
Example
Custom clearance
Done inland instead of at the gateway port. Simpler and faster. Higher security level (lower insurance rates). Consignment can stay for an unlimited amount of time in the FTZ. Consignee gets further advance notice that shipment is ready. Quotas can be managed through postponement.
Duties and Fees
Duties and merchandise processing fee not paid until the consignment is released and moved out of the FTZ (storage). Not paid if goods are exported or re-exported. Deferred if goods moved to another FTZ. Not paid for damaged, defective or obsolete goods. Lower insurance rates since no duties. If transformation is performed in the FTZ, the duty class may change (Select the taxation regime).
Settlement
Vendors often not paid until consignments leave the facility for delivery (Delay settlement). Remove damaged or defective products from the settlement.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Main Governance Models for Inland Ports Model
Characteristics
Implications
Single Ownership
A public or a private actor entirely responsible for development and operations. Single vision and conformity to a specific role. Help combine public planning of infrastructures with private operational expertise. Public (local) interests represented. Public ownership and private operations (a form of PPP). Long term concession agreements.
Potential lack of flexibility in view to changes (single mandate). Potential conflicts with surrounding communities. Tendency to prioritize public interests over private interests.
Public – Private Partnership Landlord Model
Managerial flexibility between the owner, the site manager and the operators. Most of the risk assumed by private operators.
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
International Inventory of Inland Ports and Port Centric Logistics Zones
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Some Initiatives by European and North American Port Authorities to Develop Inland Links Port authority Europe Antwerp
Project
Aim
Trilogiport – Liège
Joint development of a 100 ha logistics platform along the Albert Canal. Status: Joint entity under the legal status of an ‘economic interest grouping’
Marseille
Other planned locations Puerta de Atlantico – Mostoles EIT – European Inland Terminals tm-concept (Terminal Maritima) Inland port Lyon
HHLA - Hamburg
Rail terminals
North America New York / New Jersey Virginia Los Angeles & Long Beach
Port Inland Distribution Network Virginia Inland Port Alameda corridor
Lisbon Rotterdam Barcelona
Development of a logistical platform in Mostoles in the outskirts of Madrid. Status: Contract signed, January 2008 Minority shareholding in inland terminals in immediate hinterland via separate holding. Status: abandoned Joint partnerships to set up dry ports / logistics zones in hinterland. Status: tmT (Toulouse), tmZ (Zaragozza), tmM (Madrid) are operational. New projects in Perpignan, Montpellier and Lyon Development of Lyon as a multimodal satellite port of Marseille. Status: Société d’économie mixte founded in 1997. Port authority is one of shareholders. Joint barge and rail services between Lyon and Marseille HHLA ha participations in rail terminals (Melnik, Budapest, etc.) to support its rail products via Potzug, Metrans and HHCE Network of rail and barge services to inland and port terminals. Status: barge service to Albany abandoned in 2006. Setting of an inland rail terminal at Front Royal. Status: Virginia Inland port operational
Joint governance of the Alameda Corridor Transport Authority. Rail link between the satellite rail terminals of downtown Los Angeles (BNSF, UP) and on-dock and near dock rail facilities. Status: operational with more than 10,000 TEU per day
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Inland Ports and Logistics Zones Around the Rhine / Scheldt Delta
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Selected European Inland Ports, Average Traffic, 2007-10 (in TEU) Mannheim
110,575
Mainz-Wiesbaden
113,432
Born
120,127
Worth
137,985
Lyon
143,871
Dortmund
160,000
Enns
179,214
Bonn
195,281
Linz
217,724
Gernsheim
226,256
Strasbourg
298,193
Paris
307,626
Vienna
316,766
Cologne-Niehl
554,878
Duisburg
947,333 0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Modal Split at Selected European Inland Terminals, 2007 Linz
46.9%
Enns
1.3%
51.7%
52.3%
47.1%
Basel
0.6%
100.0%
Mulhouse
42.3%
Lyon
47.3%
Lille
47.2%
Karlsruhe
12.6%
45.1% 13.0%
39.7%
70.9%
39.8%
Duisburg
0.6%
59.7%
49.8% 0%
10%
Inland Shipping 41.1%
29.1%
Koblenz
Rail
52.8% 58.9%
Manheim
Road
20%
29.6% 30%
40%
50%
60%
20.6% 70%
80%
90%
100%
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Intermodal Terminals and Selected Co-Located Logistic Zones Projects in North America
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Ownership of North American Intermodal Rail Terminals
Copyright © 1998-2015, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Inland port of agglomeration: Lyon terminal
Actors
Functions URBAN LOAD CENTER
Shareholders Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (64%) Grand Port Maritime de Marseille (16%) Compagnie fluviale de transport (13.5%) Naviland Cargo (6.5%)
Barge shuttle operations Rail Shuttle operations
Partners
Logistics services
River shutter containers Logirhone Arnal Progeco
Insertion / Distribution
Port Edouard Herriot Marseille Lyon urban agglomeration Corridor (310 km) Inland terminal
Inland port in a competitive market area: Zaragoza Maritime Terminal
Actors
Functions
Partners
REGIONAL LOAD CENTER
Port of Barcelona
Mercazaragoza • Municipality of Zaragoza • Mercasa national company
Logistics operators Road transport operators Handling companies RENFE (National rail company)
Road shuttle operations Rail Shuttle operations Logistics services
Logistics area of Mercazaragoza
Insertion / Distribution
Barcelona Corridor (260 km)
Center / North of Spain, Portugal
Inland terminal
Crossborder satellite terminal: Venlo
Actors
Functions
Partners European Container Terminal (ECT) APL Logistics Betutweroute (Key Rail)
SATELLITE TERMINAL Road shuttle operations Barge Shuttle operations
Trimodal Container Terminal Venlo
Consolidation / Deconsolidation Custom clearance
Venlo Netherlands
Insertion / Distribution
Rotterdam Germany Betuweroute (160 km) TCTV
Gateway logistics: Savannah
Actors Savannah Port Authority
Savannah Economic Development Authority Duke Realty
Functions Savannah River International Trade Park (SRITP) Savannah Port Authority International Park (SPAIP)
SATELLITE TERMINAL Transloading Import Logistics
Crossroads Business Park (CBP)
NorthPoint Real Estate (NPRE)
CSX Railway NS Railway Near dock rail (CSX,NS) Southeast USA
Insertion / Distribution
Savannah
Cordele Intermodal Center Logistics cluster (SRITP,SPAIP,CBP,NPRE)
BNSF Logistics Park
Actors BNSF CenterPoint Prologis
Functions LOAD CENTER TRANSMODAL
Joliet Intermodal Terminal BNSF Logistics Park
Import logistics Rail-Truck-Rail
Insertion / Distribution Joliet Intermodal Terminal Seattle / Tacoma
BNSF Logistics Park Eastern Seaboard
Los Angeles / Long Beach Midwest
CenterPoint-KCS Intermodal Freight Gateway
Actors
Functions
KCS Railway CenterPoint Hunt Midwest Port Authority of Kansas City
LOAD CENTER TRANSMODAL
CenterPoint – KCS Intermodal Freight Gateway (IFG)
Import logistics Rail-Truck-Rail
Insertion / Distribution KC Intermodal Laredo
IFG Lazero Cardenas Chicago Mexico
USA
Midwest / Great Plains
