Chapter 6 - Civil Rights

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Chapter 6 Civil Rights

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Roots of Suffrage: 1800-1890

LO 6.1: Trace the efforts from 1800 to 1890 of African Americans and women to win the vote.

The Push for Equality, 1890-1954

LO 6.2: Outline the developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

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Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives The Civil Rights Movement

LO 6.3: Analyze the civil rights movement and the effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The Women’s Rights Movement

LO 6.4: Assess statutory and constitutional remedies for discrimination pursued and achieved by the women’s rights movement.

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Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Other Groups Mobilize for Rights

LO 6.5: Describe how other groups have mobilized in pursuit of their own civil rights.

Toward Reform: Civil Rights and Affirmative Action

LO 6.6: Evaluate the ongoing debate concerning civil rights and affirmative action.

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Roots of Suffrage: 1800-1890

LO 6.1: Trace the efforts from 1800 to 1890 of African Americans and women to win the vote.

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• •

Slavery and Congress

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Slave trade banned (1808) South remains dependent upon slave labor

Abolition and women’s rights

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Missouri Compromise (1820) Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

– –

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

The calm before the storm

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LO 6.1

The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Civil Rights Laws and Constitutional Amendments • • •

Thirteenth Amendment: abolishes slavery

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Black codes

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Equal protection clause/due process

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Exclusion of women

Fourteenth Amendment: provides equal treatment Fifteenth Amendment: enfranchises newly freed male slaves

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Civil Rights, Congress, and the Supreme Court •

• • • •

LO 6.1

Civil Rights Act of 1875 Jim Crow laws Civil rights cases (1883) Poll tax Grandfather clause

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LO 6.1

The Emancipation Proclamation did which of the following? A. B. C. D. E.

It freed all slaves in the union. It freed all slaves in the Confederate states. It did not actually free the slaves. It freed only the slaves of the “deep South” It freed only the slaves who opposed the Confederate states.

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LO 6.1

The Emancipation Proclamation did which of the following? A. B. C. D. E.

It freed all slaves in the union. It freed all slaves in the Confederate states. It did not actually free the slaves. It freed only the slaves of the “deep South” It freed only the slaves who opposed the Confederate states.

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The Push for Equality, (1890-1954)

LO 6.2: Outline developments in African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954.

• • • • • • •

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

NAACP (1909) National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890) National Consumers League Nineteenth Amendment (1920) Test cases Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

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LO 6.2

The first of the “test cases” involved H.M. Sweat at the University of ____________, School of ____________. A. B. C. D. E.

Arkansas, Business Florida, Business Alabama, Law Texas, Law Oklahoma, Education

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LO 6.2

The first of the “test cases” involved H.M. Sweat at the University of ____________, School of ____________. A. B. C. D. E.

Arkansas, Business Florida, Business Alabama, Law Texas, Law Oklahoma, Education

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The Civil Rights Movement

LO 6.3: Analyze the civil rights movement and the effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• •

Desegregation after Brown

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Resistance

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Rosa Parks

Civil rights groups

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–

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Boycotts

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Led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

•

Freedom rides and sit-ins

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964

•

Civil Rights Act of 1964

– – – – –

•

LO 6.3

Outlawed segregation in public places Banned discrimination in employment, education, voting Enabled federal intervention Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Applied to race, creed, color, religion, national origin, sex

Statutory remedies for race discrimination

– –

Education: de jure and de facto discrimination Employment

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LO 6.3

Which of the following organizations was led by students?

A. B. C. D. E.

NAACP SCLC LDF SNCC NCL

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LO 6.3

Which of the following organizations was led by students?

A. B. C. D. E.

NAACP SCLC LDF SNCC NCL

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The Women’s Rights Movement

LO 6.4: Assess statutory and constitutional remedies for discrimination pursued and achieved by the women’s rights movement.

• •

•

The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan (1963) National Organization for Women (NOW) (1966) Equal Rights Amendment (1972)

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Adopted but never ratified Roe v. Wade (1973)

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LO 6.4

The Equal Protection Clause and Constitutional Standards of Review • •

Based on Fourteenth Amendment Three different standards of review

– – –

•

Strict scrutiny or heightened standard

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

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Craig v. Boren (1976)

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Romer v. Evens (1996)

Intermediate standard

Minimum rationality standard

Statutory Remedies for sex discrimination

– –

Equal Pay Act of 1963 Title VII, IX

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LO 6.4

Despite protecting against many types of discrimination, the Supreme Court has allowed which of the following? A. B.

C. D.

Draft registration for males only. State statutory rape laws that apply only to female victims. Different requirements for a child’s acquisition of citizenship based on whether the citizen parent is a mother or a father. All of the above.

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LO 6.4

Despite protecting against many types of discrimination, the Supreme Court has allowed which of the following? A. B.

Draft registration for males only. State statutory rape laws that apply only to female victims. C. Different requirements for a child’s acquisition of citizenship based on whether the citizen parent is a mother or a father. D. All of the above.

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Other Groups Mobilize for Rights

LO 6.5: Describe how other groups have mobilized in pursuit of their own civil rights.

• • • • •

Hispanic Americans American Indians Asian and Pacific Island Americans Gays and lesbians Americans with disabilities

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LO 6.5

Hispanic Americans

•

• •

•

Largest and fastest growing group in United States High levels of activism and rallies begin in 1960s United Farm Workers, National Council of La Raza Use of litigation by LULAC and MALDEF

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LO 6.5

American Indians • • • • • • •

Unique status under U.S law Isolation and assimilation Native American Rights Fund (NARF) (1970) American Indian Movement

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Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee (1971)

Hunting, fishing, land rights Religious freedom Casinos

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LO 6.5

Asian and Pacific Island Americans

• •

• • • •

Pan Asian identity History of restrictions on immigration and employment Internment of Japanese Americans in World War II Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) Civil Liberties Act of 1988

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Apology accepted?

Recent increased political mobilization

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LO 6.5

Gays and Lesbians

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• • • •

Major gains in recent years Lambda Legal, Lesbian Rights Project, GLAD “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Gay marriage; a state issue

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LO 6.5

Americans with Disabilities

• • •

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) Tennessee v. Lane (2004) American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD)

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LO 6.5

What was the first law to restrict immigration based upon nationality? A. B. C. D. E.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 The Un-Civil Rights Act of 1903 The Immigration and Sedition Act of 1876 The Native American and First Nation Peoples Immigration Act of 1927 None of the Above

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LO 6.5

What was the first law to restrict immigration based upon nationality? A. B. C. D. E.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 The Un-Civil Rights Act of 1903 The Immigration and Sedition Act of 1876 The Native American and First Nation Peoples Immigration Act of 1927 None of the Above

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Toward Reform: Civil Rights and Affirmative Action

LO 6.6: Evaluate the ongoing debate concerning civil rights and affirmative action.

• • • •

What is affirmative action?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) The Grutter and Gratz decisions of 2003 Where does affirmative action stand today?

–

Race, gender, ethnicity, etc., can be a factor but not the only factor in determining placement or hiring

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LO 6.6

In 1986, the elevation of __________ to Chief Justice of the Supreme Court signaled and end to advances in civil rights laws. A. B. C. D. E.

Sandra Day O’Connor Antonin Scalia William H. Rehnquist Sonya Sotomayor John Paul Stevens

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LO 6.6

In 1986, the elevation of __________ to Chief Justice of the Supreme Court signaled and end to advances in civil rights laws. A. B. C. D. E.

Sandra Day O’Connor Antonin Scalia William H. Rehnquist Sonya Sotomayor John Paul Stevens

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Figure 6.1: What do people think about affirmative action?

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Table 6.1: What are the standards of review fashioned by the Court under the equal protection clause?

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