Chapter 6: The Rise of Ancient Greece
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Ancient Greece
The Parthenon in Athens
Section 1: The Rise of Greek Civilization
Temple of Didyma
Where is Greece?
Greece’s Geographic Setting Greece is made up of
peninsulas
Peninsula: an area of land surrounded by water on three sides
Greece made up of mountains Greek communities split up,
had their own land, customs, and beliefs on how to live
Communities fought one another despite sharing a heritage (they had the same ancestors), language, and religion
Discovery Streaming:
Geography of Greece
Based on Greece’s geography?, why was it difficult
for Greek communities to be united?
Greek Beginnings – Minoan Civilization Minoans lived on island of Crete
from 3000 BC – 1100 BC Traded with mainland Greece as well as islands Knossos – main city, origin of grand architecture and art 1400s BC – Knossos destroyed (likely by Mycenaeans), Minoans began decline Earned power through trade Discovery Streaming: Crete
The Mycenaeans Mainland Greece – home
of Mycenaean culture Height of power around 1400 BC Earned power through conquest Discovery Streaming Video: Mycenae
Connections to Current Events What advantages does a country have if they trade
with other countries?
The US is involved in a lot of international trade.
What is one country that you think trades a lot with America? (Hint: think of tags on products that say “made in ________”)
The Trojan War Mythical war between Greece and city of Troy (in
Turkey)
There WERE actual conflicts between Greece and Troy, but the details of the war were exaggerated
Homer’s epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey tell the
story of the Trojan war According to legend, Greeks offered the Trojans a giant wooden horse as a peace offering
Greek warriors hid inside the horse and climbed out once the horse was wheeled into Troy, destroyed Troy
In reality, Troy was destroyed by fire in 1200s BC,
perhaps by Greek invaders
The Dark Ages of Greece After Trojan War, Greek
civilization collapsed
Poverty Trading was reduced Very little writing or art
Greece’s Dark Ages: early
1100s BC – 750 BC Stories were passed down through word of mouth, not writing People resettled to farms
City-States Develop Around 750 BC, city-states began to form City-state: an independent state made up of several villages grouped together There were hundreds of Greek city-states Respond: What are the advantages and
disadvantages of having many smaller independent states, as opposed to one large central government?
Aristocracy: Nobles Rule/A New Type of Ruler Most city-states ruled by aristocrats – members of
rich and powerful families Common Greek citizens wanted their voices to be heard
Organized small military groups to overthrow aristocrats Military strength was shifted to merchants and craftsmen
Tyrant – a ruler who seizes power by force Supported by middle and working classes
Democracy in Greece Some city-states adopted a new form of
government
Democracy: government where citizens govern themselves
Athens was best example of a city-state
democracy
Solon – Athenian leader whose laws reformed economy and government of Athens
Freed anyone who was enslaved for having debts and cancelled debts Allowed any male citizen of Athens aged 18 or older to debate laws
Restrictions Only 1 in 5 Athenians was a citizen (had to have Athenian mother and father) Women and non-citizen men did not take part in democracy
Discovery Streaming Video: The Democracy of
Athens
Respond What were the pros and cons of the Greek
democracy?
Section 2: Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts
The Golden Age of Athens Golden Age of Athens: 479 B.C – 431 B.C Athens became rich from trade and from silver mines Tribute – payments made to Athens by allies as a sign of loyalty Pericles – Member of aristocratic family, but
supported democracy
460 B.C. – became leader of democratic group Reformed and strengthened democracy
City had to pay a salary to officials, so poor citizens could hold public office
Construction of Parthenon – temple to honor the goddess Athena
The Parthenon
Pericles Builds the Parthenon The Wonders of the Acropolis
Why do you think Pericles was such a popular ruler?
Would you have liked living in Athens under his rule?
Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs Twelve Olympians –
family of Greek gods and goddesses, each ruling over a different area of human and natural life
A few notables: Zeus (ruler of all gods and humanity), Athena (goddess of wisdom and war), Apollo (god of music, poetry), Poseidon (god of earthquakes and ocean)
Gods and Goddesses Greeks believed gods were
immortal, meaning that they lived forever
Zeus ruled all gods from Mount Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain
Each city-state honored one of
the twelve gods
Athena was goddess of Athens
Olympic games created to
honor Zeus Discovery Streaming: Ancient Greek Gods
There is a larger variety of religious beliefs in
modern-day America than there were in Ancient Greece. Why do you think that is?
What are some examples of buildings in your
neighborhood that are used for religious purposes?
The Oracles Oracle – sacred site where
Greeks believed the gods spoke
They would visit the oracles to ask for advice, and answers would come from priests who were thought to be able to interpret answers from gods Most famous oracle is in Delphi, Greece
Greek Science and Philosophy Philosopher – a person
who believed that people could use powers of the mind and reason to understand natural events
Thales – believed water was the basic material of the world Democritus – believed everything was made up of atoms
Socrates Socrates spent his days in
the marketplace talking to people Socrates wanted people to question their beliefs
Questioned traditional justice
Socrates brought to trial in
399 BC
Accused of dishonoring gods and misleading young people Sentenced to death
Plato and Aristotle Plato – one of Socrates’
students
Did not trust democracy Believed that society should be made up of three groups: workers, soldiers, and philosopher-rulers Founded the Academy
Philosophy school in Athens
Aristotle
Student at the Academy Believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge Later founded his own school, the Lyceum
Socrates urged his students to question and critically examine all
around them. For “corrupting the youth” in this way, an Athenian jury sentenced him to death.
Why do you think some people believed Socrates
corrupted the youth of Athens? How do some people in our society react to radical and different ideas? Give an example.
How can you remember the order of the three main
philosophers?
SPA S – Socrates P – Plato A - Artistotle
Visual and Dramatic Arts Greeks used visual
arts to honor gods
Architecture Sculpture Plays
The Parthenon Pericles rebuilt Acropolis
area of Athens Most magnificent building: Parthenon
Temple to Athena
Goddess of war
Made of marble 40-foot statue of Athena
The Parthenon is the symbol of Athens. Write down
examples of buildings or structures that are so famous that they have become the symbol of the city or country in which they are located.
Dramas Athenians wrote the first
dramas and performed them before crowds Tragedy – a serious story that usually ends in disaster for the main character
Comedies 400s BC – poets wrote
comedies to make fun of famous citizens and to joke about Greek customs Athens was very liberal – people were accepting of the humor Greek Theater
Many City-States, One People People in Athens were very
proud of their city
Took an active role in their government Spread progressive ideas to enhance their culture
While Athens was the most
prominent city-state, there were others
Every four years, city-states would compete in the Olympic Games against one another First Olympics in 776 B.C. Ancient Olympia and the Olympic Games
What role did education and growing wealth play in
the development of philosophy and the arts in ancient Greece?
Review What made the Golden Age of Athens so “golden”
and great?
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