Chapter 7: The Challenge of Christendom

January 31, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, World History, Middle Ages
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CHAPTER 7: THE CHALLENGE OF CHRISTENDOM Church and Empire in Tension (pgs. 124-146)

Two English Sources of Light 

Boniface: The Apostle to the Germans  Benedictine

Monk in England  Left to do missionary work in the Netherlands = failure  Went to pope for guidance, sent him to Germany A

Wandering Bishop  Working with the Frankish Government 

Bede: The Historian-Monk  Spent

entire life in same monastery  Wrote explanations of Scriptures and sermons on religious topics

Church and State Entangled 

The Donation of Pepin: The Papal States 



Pepin helped pope drive off Lombards, gave him territory

Charlemagne: A Return of the Roman Empire 

Pepin’s son Charles organized part of Western Europe into a Frankish kingdom

Conversion by the Sword  An Emperor Again 



Pope Leo III crowns him “Emperor to the Romans”

An Emphasis on Education  Direction for the Church  The Fate of the Empire 

 For Review pg. 132

A Feudal Way of Life 

A System for Defense  The

Pyramid of Feudalism

 Serfs,

 Living

Conditions

 Lords



landlords/vassals, higher lords, king and wealthy vassals lived in castles on their estates

The Feudal Monastery  Church

had major role with bishops and abbots often being powerful lords of feudal estates  Church remained only constant and promised salvation

Other Peoples Turn Christian 

The Vikings: Invaders from the Sea  



“sea rovers” aka Norsemen (men from the north) Invasion spurred feudalism

The Slavs: Lining Up with the Eastern and Western Churches 

A Need for Worship in Their Own Language  



Slav state, Greater Moravia developed Byzantine emperor sends Cyril and Methodius to live with Slavs; devised Slavic alphabet

Other Slavic Peoples 

Poland, Russia, Magyar For Review pg. 141

Royal Pains for the Church 

Conflicts of Church and State East-Versus-West Tensions  The Papacy Up for Grabs 

Roman nobles control appointment of pope  Pope John XII and King Otto I 



Bishops and Abbots Indebted to Counts and Dukes 



Simony: “buying” office of bishop

Cluny: A Creative Response to the Church-State Dilemma 

Duke begins new Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France, independent of any control by local lord or secular ruler  For Review pg. 144

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