Chapter Fourteen - Mt. Blue Regional District

May 13, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, European History, Europe (1815-1915), Industrial Revolution
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The American Pageant Chapter 14 Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860

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A View of Lockport, N.Y. 1836

A View of Lockport, N.Y. 1836 The town of Lockport, New York, owed its existence to the Erie Canal, and serving boats, freight, and passengers was its major industry. This view of the town was rendered in 1836, eleven years after the canal was opened. (Library of Congress, hand-colored by Sandi Rygiel, Picture Research Consultants, Inc.) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Agricultural ad, 1859

Agricultural ad, 1859 The manufacture of agricultural implements was becoming a major industry by 1860. Now the farmers shown on the fringe could put down their scythes and let the mechanical reaper do the work. (Library of Congress)

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American Anti-Slavery Almanac, 1840

American Anti-Slavery Almanac, 1840 Northern antislavery propagandists indicted the southern way of life, not just slavery. These illustrations depict the South as a region of lynchings, duels, cockfights, and everyday brawls. Even northerners who opposed the abolition of slavery resolved to keep slaveholders out of the western territories. (Library of Congress)

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Daguerreotype of a young mill girl, c. 1850, Massachusetts

Daguerreotype of a young mill girl, c. 1850, Massachusetts This young girl probably worked at a mill in Waltham or Lowell during the late 1840s. Her swollen and rough hands contrast with her youth, neat dress, and carefully tied, beribboned hair. Her hands suggest that she worked, as did most 12- and 13-year-olds, as a warper, straightening the strands of cotton or wool as they entered the looms. (Courtesy of Jack Naylor)

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Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown

Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown In the 1830s an unknown artist painted Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, portraying the hulking mass of the mill buildings. The company organized all the manufacturing processes at a single location, in Lowell, Massachusetts, on the Merrimack River. (Museum of American Textile History) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s

Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s The horse-drawn McCormick reaper was a relatively simple device. A cutting bar separated the wheat from the chaff. Reels then pushed the cut grain onto the platform for collection and tying into shocks. (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)

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W. J. Morgan Sewing Machine Company ad, 1882

W. J. Morgan Sewing Machine Company ad, 1882 How do historians know that traditional gender roles pervaded American consumer society in the late nineteenth century? Advertising, which developed into a powerful medium in the late nineteenth century, offers useful insights into prevailing social and cultural values, and advertisers, eager to sell new consumer products, helped shape those values with strong visual images. This 1882 advertisement for the W. J. Morgan Sewing Machine Company uses both explicit and implicit domestic images to reinforce a wife's role as homemaker. From the very onset of her family career, the ad implies, a woman assumes domestic tasks and obligations such as sewing and mending clothing, and her husband guides her into this role. The ad conveys other symbols and values as well, such as the devoted look on the woman's face and the strong and superior pose of the man. The clothing also implies a middle-class standard. Newspapers and magazine advertisements of the late nineteenth century are rich with clues about this period of flourishing consumerism. (Library of Congress)

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Woman with sewing machine

Woman with sewing machine Asked to repair a sewing machine that did not do continuous stitching, Isaac M. Singer invented one that did. Patented in 1851, the Singer machine quickly dominated the market. Although most early sewing machines were used in factories, some had made their way into households by 1860. (Library of Congress)

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Map: Election of 1840

Election of 1840 Although the difference in popular votes between William Henry Harrison and Martin Van Buren was small in the election of 1840, Harrison won a landslide victory in the Electoral College. This map shows why. After floundering through several elections, the Whig Party was finally able to organize a national coalition, giving it solid victories in all of the most populous regions of the country. Only the Far West, which was still sparsely settled, voted as a block for Van Buren. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Major American Cities in 1830 and 1860

Major American Cities in 1830 and 1860 The number of Americans who lived in cities increased rapidly between 1830 and 1860, and the number of large cities grew as well. In 1830 only New York City had a population exceeding one hundred thousand; thirty years later, eight more cities had surpassed that level.

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Map: Major Roads, Canals, and Railroads, 1850

Major Roads, Canals, and Railroads, 1850 A transportation network linked the seaboard to the interior. Settlers followed those routes westward, and they sent back grain, grain products, and cotton to port cities.

Map: Origin and Settlement of Immigrants, 1820-1850

Origin and Settlement of Immigrants, 1820-1850 Rail ties between the East and the Midwest greatly increased during the railroad "boom" of the 1850s.

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Map: Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850

Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850 By 1850 high population density characterized parts of the Midwest as well as the Northeast.

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Map: Railroad Growth, 1850-1860

Railroad Growth, 1850-1860 Rail ties between the East and the Midwest greatly increased during the railroad "boom" of the 1850s.

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Map: U.S. Manufacturing Employment, 1820 and 1850

U.S. Manufacturing Employment, 1820 and 1850 In 1820 manufacturing employment was concentrated mostly in the Northeast, where the first textile mills appeared. By 1850 the density of manufacturing in the Northeast had increased, but new manufacturing centers arose in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Cincinnati.

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