Chapter_6Notes.23110..

Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems Notes Can Also Be Found at www.manskopf.com

Chapter 6 Notes Goal • Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are • Explain how biomes are characterized. • Describe how net primary productivity varies among biomes. • Give an introduction to your Biome Project • Give an example of your Biome Project

What are the differences? Climate, Biology, Limiting Factors, Adaptations?

Things Change?

• Fossil evidence suggests that the frozen continent of Antarctica was once covered in temperate forest.

Earth’s Biomes

• Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions • 10 primary biomes: – tropical rain forest – dry forest savanna – desert – temperate rain forest – temperate forest – temperate grassland – chaparral – boreal forest – tundra

La Mesa, CA

Philadelphia

• Climate: Average conditions, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods of time in a given area • Weather: Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmosphere • Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and precipitation

• Each biome has a set of characteristic organisms adapted to its particular climate conditions.

Across the U.S.

Productivity

• Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration • Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity, the rate at which primary producers convert energy to biomass. • Warm, wet biomes generally have higher net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.

Earth’s productivity: On land forests are highly productive in dark green, deserts least in brown. At sea, red indicates high productivity and deep oceans dark blue.

Aquatic Ecosystems (Wet Biomes)

• 75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

• Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.

• Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light availability, which is a function of depth and water clarity. • Aquatic ecosystems are either flowing or standing. • Aquatic ecosystem zones: photic, aphotic, benthic

Aquatic Ecosystem Limiting Factors • Limiting factors may include:

• Salinity • Ph • Sunlight • Dissolved oxygen • Temperature

Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas Salinity is less than 0.5 ppt (parts per thousand)

Freshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands • Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year

• Include freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens

Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams Bodies of surface water that flow downhill, eventually reaching an ocean or inland sea Delaware Water Gap

Estuaries • Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an inland sea

• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; organisms must tolerate wide salinity and temperature ranges. • Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.

Oceans • Intertidal Areas • Neritic Zones • Open Ocean

Chapter 6 Review • Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are • Explain how biomes are characterized. • Describe how net primary productivity varies among biomes. • Give an introduction to your Biome Project • Give an example of your Biome Project

Biome Project Online http://www.manskopf.com/yahoo_site_admin/as sets/docs/BiomesProject.230105729.doc

Biome Project PowerPoint Example • Temperate Rain Forest

• JUST AN EXAMPLE – 2-5 minutes • Remember 60% for information • Also found at www.manskopf.com

Temperate Rain Forest For Mr. Manskopf Environmental Science Class

By Mr. Manskopf November 2011

Temperate Rainforest…Where on Earth?

• Small Biomes in Area • Small Pockets Around World

Temperate Rain Forests Locations • Mid-Latitudes • Usually near coastline • Largest found in Pacific Northwest of U.S. and British Columbia in Canada

Climate of the Temperate Rain Forest • WET, Year Round Rain • Moderate Temperatures

Why is it wet year round?

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest TREES: • Cedars, Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas Fir • Grow Tall/Fast • Evergreens • Coniferous Trees (seebearing cones) • Compete for sunlight • Commercially important

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest • Damp conditions perfect for moss • Slugs • Numerous amphibian creatures • Squirrels • Deer • Elk

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest Limiting Factors • Sunlight • Too much precipitation (Precipitation in Olympic's rain forest ranges from 140 to 167 inches (12 to 14 feet) every year.)

Threats • Timber/Logging

Example Hoh Rain Forest

http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperat e-rain-forests.htm

Temperate Rain Forest Cites • http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/tem perate-rain-forests.htm • https://biomesfirst09.wikispaces.com/Temper ate+Rainforest+Home • http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/temp rain.htm