City of Ione Pavement Management Program June 7, 2011

City of Willows Pavement Management Program Road Maintenance Needs March 25, 2014

Willows’ Paved Streets are a Valuable Asset • The City of Willows maintains nearly 31 centerline miles of paved public streets. • Total replacement value of this asset is approximately $36.1 million. • To preserve this important asset it is essential to properly maintain the roads each year to minimize much larger costs in the future if they are not maintained properly.

Pavement Deterioration Over Time • Pavements deteriorate at a relatively slow rate over the first 75% of their useful life. • Pavements deteriorate at a relatively fast rate after hitting 75%of their useful life.

PAVEMENT LIFE CYCLE PCI Number Rating

Verbal Rating

MTC Condition Category

100 EXCELLENT 90

pavements

which have little 80 VERY GOOD

40% Drop in Quality (Relatively Slow)

70 GOOD

II

pavements which have a significant level of distress; non-load related

60 III

pavements which have a significant level of distress; load related

IV POOR

pavements which have a major level of distress

VERY POOR

pavements which have extreme amounts of major distress

50

Figure 1

6

PAVEMENT CONDITION

or no distress I

FAIR 40

Another 40% Drop in Quality (FAST)

30 20 10

V FAILED 5 *TIMELINE (YEARS)

10

75% of Useful Life (CRITICAL TIME TO APPLY LOW COST TREATMENTS) *TIMELINE varies depending on traffic volume and loads, climate, pavement design, etc.

15

12% of Useful Life

20

Timing of Treatment is Key • The cost of applying preventative pavement maintenance during the first 75% of their useful life is generally onetenth to one-fifth of the cost of waiting until the roads have completely failed and need complete reconstruction.

Managing Pavement Properly • In the absence of a plan for maintenance, cities can fall into the “worst first” trap. This can prove to be expensive and may not be the most cost effective approach. • One of the best and most common ways for cities to develop a plan to maintain their roads is to develop a pavement management plan (PMP.) This program determines the most cost effective way for the City to spend maintenance monies.

Pavement Management Philosophy • PMP’s evaluate all streets and determine which streets are still within the zone of 75% of their useful lives and the best treatments to preserve the streets to avoid more costly reconstruction needs in the future. • Pavement Management Programs involve visual inspections of all streets on 7 different categories. • Visual ratings are input into PMP software and Pavement Condition Indexes (PCI’s) are determined for each street.

Pavement Condition Index

100 Good – Excellent

Prev. Maint. - surface seals every 7 -9 years ($0.60-$6.02/Sy Yd)

70 At Risk

Thin AC Overlay ($11.50/ Sy Yd)

Poor

Thick AC Overlay ($15.89/ Sy Yd)

Failed

Reconstruct Road ($29.00/ Sy Yd)

50

25

0

Condition of Willows’s Streets • This year, the City just completed the first update to the City’s PMP since 2005. • Based on field surveys, the current average Citywide PCI is 54. • 29% of the City’s streets have a PCI of 70 or above (considered very good.) • 28% of City’s streets have a PCI of 50-69 (considered good.) • 29% of the City’s streets have a PCI of 25-49 or below (considered poor.) • 14% of the City’s streets have a PCI of 24 or below (considered very poor.)

Street Condition by MIles 9.0 mi (29%) (28%) 8.7 mi

Total Miles (Percentage of City)

9.0

(29%)

(14%) 4.3 mi

Very Good PCI 70100

Data source: StreetSaver PMP Report, Network Summary Statistics

Good PCI 50-69

Poor PCI 25-49

Condition Category

Very Poor PCI 0-24

Pavement Condition Index 2014

Residential Average PCI 52

Average PCI by Functional Class

Collector Average PCI 46

Data source: StreetSaver PMP

Arterial Average PCI 70

Types of Pavement Treatments • Depending on the condition of the street, several typical treatments are used for maintaining streets. These include: Crack Sealing Chip Sealing Asphalt Overlay Full depth asphalt

Slurry Sealing Cape Sealing In-place asphalt recycling Road Reconstruction

• A PMP will typically recommend one of these treatments, depending on the condition of the street and what is needed to bring the street back to like-new condition.

Road Maintenance Plan Five budget scenarios were considered: • Maintaining the current condition of streets over the 5 years from 2014-2019 (a PCI of 54) • Increase the PCI by 5 points over 5 yrs. • Unconstrained budget (if money were no object what would it take to bring all streets up to at least a PCI of 80 in 5 yrs.) • Do nothing • Annual Expenditures of $140,000

Budget Comparison City Budget Comparison Effects on 5 Year Projected PCI

85

82 80 76

75 71

Projected

70

Do Nothing $0 Budget

66

65

Expected $140k Annual Budget

61

60

57 56 54

55

58

57 55

55

52 51

50

58 54

59

Maintain PCI 54 $1.2m Annually

54

Increase PCI = 59 $1.8m Annually Unlimited $4.19m Annually

50 49

48 46

45

46 44

40 2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

What Does All This Mean • Gives the City Council a good idea of the condition of the streets and what may be needed to adequately maintain them. • If $140,000 is spent annually on City streets over the next 5 years, the average condition of the City’s streets will degrade from “good” to “poor.” • Cost effective maintenance strategies can be applied to obtain the biggest “bang for the buck” to ensure the assets in the City’s streets can be preserved. Results should be used to program street projects. • Some streets will have approached the point where they may start to deteriorate more rapidly. Need to keep an eye on conditions.

Funding Options • Typical funding used for street maintenance includes Gas Taxes; however the rate of gas taxes paid to agencies over the past several years has declined and failed to keep up with inflation. • State and federal funding can be applied for, however there are limited sources and it is very competitive. • Important to be aggressive as possible to look for alternative funding sources to supplement currently used funds.

Suggested Approach • Begin implementing annual pavement rehabilitation projects to put funds to use in the smartest way possible. • Base annual budget funding primarily from gas tax, however continually review/pursue state and federal funding sources for roads, bicycles and pedestrian improvements where some street improvements can be incorporated. • Update PMP every 3-5 years to stay in compliance with state regulations and to keep track of pavement conditions.

Other Options • Other options to consider: • Spending higher amounts of money to get less streets treated by reconstructing some of the streets in the poorest condition. • Balance of implementing some of the PMP recommended treatments with some road reconstruction.

• Future annual allocations • Provide guidance to staff on the amount the Council would like to fund each year out of the gas tax money to keep up on street maintenance.