Civil War - Mrs. Huber`s Social Studies Class

Civil War Section 1

Vocabulary 

Border States ◦ Definition: slave state that stayed with the Union ◦ Sentence: Border states felt preserving the Union was the most important issue.

Vocabulary 

Blockade ◦ Definition: the isolating or closing off of a port by hostile ships to prevent entrance or exit ◦ The Union blockaded Southern ports.

Notes 

Question #1 ◦ What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South?

Notes Union States

Border States

NY,ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI DE,MD,WV,KY,MO ,PA,NJ,OH,IN IL,MI,WI,MN,IA,CA,OR, KS

Confederate States VA,NC,SC,GA,AR,TN,F L,MS,LA,TX,AL

Notes Northern Advantages:  Could Field, Feed, and Equip an Army 

◦ More People  2/3 of the countries population

◦ Better Transportation  2x the rail roads

◦ 2X the Farm Fields ◦ More Industry  110,000 FACTORIES

Notes 

Northern Strategy ◦ Blockade the South ◦ Gain Control of the Mississippi River ◦ Invade Richmond VA

Notes 

Northern Weakness ◦ Weak generals at the beginning of the war ◦ Not many trained Soldiers ◦ Fighting mostly occurred in the South on unfamiliar terrain

Notes Southern Advantages  Military Advantage 

◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Will to fight Top Military Generals Home Turf Help from locals

Notes Southern Strategy  Fight until the North gave up or realized the South would become its own nation  Supplied by Britain 

Notes 

Southern Weakness ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Not many factories Less advanced weaponry Fewer people to fight Little transportation

Notes 

Soldiers: ◦ South  Men ages 18-45  Mostly poor farmers

◦ North  ½ Farmers  ¼ immigrants

Notes 

Conditions: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Muddy roads and fields No clean water Disease: Small Pox, Typhoid Fever Prisons were over crowded and lacked resources. Many prisoners were forced to eat rodents or die

Civil War Section 2

Vocabulary 

Iron Clad ◦ War ships covered with protective iron plates ◦ The ironclads faced each other in only one battle.

Vocabulary 

Casualty ◦ A person killed or injured in battle ◦ The Civil War saw the highest casualty rate out of any American War

Notes 

Question 2 ◦ Why did neither the Union nor the Confederacy gain a strong advantage during the early years of the war?

Notes New technologies used in the Civil War  New Rifles were more accurate and quicker to load  Ironclads were warships covered with protective iron plates.  The Unions’ was named the Monitor and the Confederacy’s was named Merrimack. 

Notes Reactions: After each video write a reaction to it  Leave 2 lines between each 

◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Video 1 Video 2 Video 3 Video 4

Video http://www.history.com/topics/civil-wartechnology/videos#civil-war-biologicalwarfare  http://www.history.com/topics/civil-wartechnology/videos#trench-warfare  http://www.history.com/videos/civil-warweapons-whose-were-better#civil-warweapons-whose-were-better  http://www.history.com/videos/civil-warweapons-whose-were-better#extreme

Notes 

The War in the East ◦ U.S. General, Like General McClellan were overly cautious ◦ Rarely attacked the southern army ◦ The North lost several of the first major battle of the Civil War including Bull Run and Chancellorsville ◦ Lee tried to invade the north twice and failed

Notes 

Antietam Creek ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Location: Sharpsburg MD Casualties: N:12,400 S: 13,700 Leaders: N: McClellan S: Lee Outcome: North Won Importance:  Lincoln would write the Emancipation Proclamation  Bloodiest single day battle in US History

Notes 

The War in the West ◦ Main goal was to conquer the Mississippi River ◦ Heaviest fighting took place in Tennessee and Mississippi ◦ South lost New Orleans ◦ Ironclads didn’t work as well as they hoped

Notes Battle of Shiloh  Location: Shiloh Tennessee  Casualties: N:13,000  S: 13,700  Leaders: N: Grant  S: Johnston/ Beauregard  Outcome: North Won  Importance: Shown Grant would fight at any cost 

Notes Battle of Shiloh  http://www.history.com/topics/americancivil-war/videos#the-battle-of-shiloh 

Civil War Section 3

Vocabulary 

Emancipate ◦ To free from restraint, control, or from the power of another

◦ Abraham Lincoln emancipated the slaves in the southern states.

Vocabulary 

Habeas Corpus ◦ The right of a citizen to obtain protection against illegal imprisonment

◦ Your right to habeas corpus prevents you from being arrested without a warrant.

Vocabulary 

Draft ◦ To select for required military service. ◦ During the Civil War both sides drafted men to fight.

Vocabulary 

Greenbacks ◦ A legal tender note issued by the US Government to be used as currency.

◦ Greenbacks were easy to counterfeit during the Civil War.

Vocabulary 

Inflation ◦ The general rise in prices ◦ During the Civil War inflation rose dramatically in the United States.

Notes 

Question #3 ◦ What social, political, and economic changes resulted from the War?

Notes Emancipating the Slaves  After the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation  It freed slaves only in areas fighting the union. (Not in Border States)  Many freed slaves began to join the Union Army 

Notes Social Changes Pg 525-527 Pg 531-532

Economic Changes Pg 531

Political Changes Pg 528-529 Pg 530

Civil War Section 4

Vocabulary 

Siege ◦ the act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies. ◦ Sherman took siege of Atlanta Georgia.

Notes 

Question #4 ◦ How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?

Notes 

Vicksburg ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Location: Vicksburg, Mississippi Casualty: N 10,000 S 9,000 Leaders: N Grant S Johnston Outcome: North Won Importance: Union gained control of the Mississippi ◦ Turning point in the west

Agenda Notes (1 slide)  Videos (3)  Worksheet: Gettysburg Address  Quiz Friday: Importance of Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Social, Political, and Economic Changes 

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Homework: Packet due Tuesday

Notes Gettysburg  Location: Gettysburg, PA  Casualty: N 23,050  S 28,000  Leaders: N Meade  S Lee  Outcome: North Won  Importance: Turning point in the East  Lee would never go farther North 

Videos http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofgettysburg/videos#gettysburg-battlestrategy  http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofgettysburg/videos#chamberlain-defendslittle-round-top  http://www.history.com/topics/battle-ofgettysburg/videos#last-charge-atgettysburg 

Civil War Section 5

Vocabulary 

Total War ◦ The organized destruction of an entire landnot just its army ◦ Sherman used total war to force the South to surrender.

Notes 

Question #5 ◦ What events led to the end of the war?

Notes 

Sherman’s March to the Sea ◦ Started in Georgia then went to the coast and north through the Carolinas ending in Richmond,VA ◦ Burned down cities, towns, and farms including Atlanta, GA. Stole food and supplies, Killed lives stock, tore up rail roads. ◦ Forced Southern soldiers to return home to help their families with the devastation

Notes 

Fall of Richmond ◦ April 2, 1865 Conf lines broke and Lee with drew from Petersburg ◦ When word of Lee’s retreat reached Richmond, Davis and his cabinet gathered documents and gave orders to burn bridges and weapons that would be useful to the Union ◦ Confederates set fire to the city and left

Notes 

Appomattox Court House ◦ Formal end of the war came on April 9,1865 ◦ Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House,VA ◦ Terms of Surrender:  Lee’ s soldiers could keep small fire arms  Officers could keep their horses  No one would disrupt troops on their way home