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January 12, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, European History, Renaissance (1330-1550), Feudalism
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Table Manners and Customs

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Text Reading First Reading Second Reading Detailed Study of Text B

Summary of Text B

Time For Fun

First Reading

Read the text and then decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the text. 1. Using the knife only for cutting is considered good table manners in Great Britain.

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2. British people don’t like foreign table manners. (

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3. Sitting on a cushion before a low table is typically Japanese table manners.

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First Reading

4. Western table manners differ greatly from country to country. (

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5. How to use a knife while eating is quite different among Western countries.

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6. It seems that salt used to be something valuable in Britain. (

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Second Reading

Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1. What are considered good manners at table in Britain nowadays? The following are considered good manners at table in Great Britain today: eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table.

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2. How are the western eating styles taken up by people in the East? Give examples. When they are richer and more educated, some people in the East have taken up the table manners and customs of western people, such as replacing the cushions with tables and chairs, or with the lady of the house presiding at one end

of the table. 3. Do western people have same or different table manners? Western people in different countries have different table manners, although the differences are not so marked.

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4. What is the slight difference in the use of the knife at British and American meals? At America meals, the knife should be put down after use, while during British meals, the knife should be kept in the right hand all the time.

5. How do the drinking customs in North America differ from those in Europe? In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is taken afterwards, while North America a beverage such as coffee, tea or milk is drunk with meals.

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6. How did ancient men and women have their meals? The women waited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.

7. What was used to help with eating food before forks appeared in Europe? By using their fingers or hands. 8. Why did the French King order that table knives should have rounded ends in the 17th century? To prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Detailed Study of Text B

Table Manners and Customs In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain. Indeed, what are considered good table manners in some other countries are what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, for instance, the

people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.

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Detailed Study of Text B

Table Manners and Customs In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the Table Manners. The word “manners” used in the plural form mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the means habits and customs. Table manners are the way people knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In behave at meals. other parts of thegood worldmanners there are for people to follow when It's considered in also somerules societies to leave a little on but yourthey plate. they are food eating, are not the same as those of Britain. Indeed, It isn’t manners to make many inquiries what aregood considered good table too manners in some into other countries are people’s personal affairs. what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, for instance, the Close

people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.

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Detailed Study of Text B

Table Manners and Customs In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the closed; letting any the food fall off the plate; using the fall mouth off: to come offnot (something) by of falling knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In A button has fallen off my coat. other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they but they arebicycle not theagain? same as those of Britain. Indeed, Hasare thateating, child fallen off the Close what are considered good table manners in some other countries are

what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, for instance, the

people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.

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Detailed Study of Text B

Table Manners and Customs In Great Britain today manners at table ... there are also rules for good people to follow wheninclude they eating with the are eating, but they notany the of same those of the plate; using the mouth closed; not are letting the as food fall off Britain. knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In — …when people are eating they act according to some other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when rules, but these rules are different from those of Britain. they are (...) eating, but they are not same people, as those of Britain. Indeed, the same as: used to mean twothe or more things, what tableother manners in some other countries are etc. are thatconsidered are exactly good like each He gets the people same pay me buttoheavoid. has his office. what British try as hardest In own Arabia, for instance, the I think at thea same as you do about this.with their fingers and belch loudly people feast take pieces of food Close

to show that they have appreciated it.

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Detailed Study of Text B

Table Manners and Customs In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the Indeed, what are considered good table manners in some closed; letting anypeople of the try food fall off to the plate; using the othermouth countries arenot what British hardest knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In avoid. — Indeed, certain of behaving at table are considered other parts ofways the world there are also rules for people to follow when good in some other but British people theymanners are eating, but they arecountries not the same as those of Britain. Indeed, would try their best to avoid them. what are considered good table manners in some other countries are 翻译 what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, for instance, the 事实上,一些其它国家认为的餐桌上的好礼仪, people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly 英国人却极力地避免。 Close to show that they have appreciated it.

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Detailed Study of Text B

Table Manners and Customs In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed; not letting any of the food fall off the plate; using the appreciate: v. to recognize and enjoy the good qualities of knife only for cutting; and not trying to take food across the table. In something; understand something and show consideration other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when or sympathy they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain. Indeed, You can’t fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. what are considered good table manners in some other countries are I really appreciate a good cup of tea. what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia,Close for instance, the

people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they have appreciated it.

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The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to

a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of western people. Tables and chairs have replaced the cushions of the past, and the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, still feel it would be wrong to eat unless they were sitting on a cushion before a low table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side.

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The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to

a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of western people. Tables and chairs have replaced the cushions of the past, and The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, the lady of the house presides one end...of the table in the same way to a great extent taken up the table at manners that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, feel it would — However, the richer and more educated people in the Eaststill have

largely accepted and unless learnedthey to practice the table be wrong to eat were sitting on manners a cushion...before a low 翻译 table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side. 然而,富裕而且受教育多的东方人在很大程度上接受西方的 餐桌礼仪和习俗。

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The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to

a great extent taken the table to a great/large extent: to up a great / largemanners degree and customs of western people. Tables the cushions These policies areand to achairs large have extentreplaced responsible for the of the past, and region’s economic problem. the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way cf. to athat certain extent / to some extent: used to mean that still feel it would Western women do. Many Japanese, however, something is partly, but not completely, true be wrong to eat unless they were sitting on a cushion before a low take up: to learn or start to perform a certain activity, especially table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both for pleasure; start or begin something, especially a job traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side. She has taken up golf.

She has taken up a job as a teacher.

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The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to

a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of western replace: vt. to use something of something else; of the past, and people. Tables and chairsinstead have replaced the cushions start doing something instead of someone else the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way These PCs have replaced the old system network. that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, still feel it would I’mwrong replacing Sueunless on thethey team.were sitting on a cushion before a low be to eat Close

table with a tray of food on it. In many parts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist side by side.

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The richer and more educated people in the East have, however, to

a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of western ... both traditional styles of eating exist people. Tables and and Western chairs have replaced the cushions of the past, and side by side. the lady of the house presides at one end of the table in the same way —...there are both traditional and Western table manners. that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, still feel it would side by side: wrong eat unless theybywere on ain cushion before a low 1. ifbethings or to groups exist side side, sitting they exist the table place with aor tray foodtime. on it. In many parts of the world both same at theofsame traditional and Western styles side of eating The two communities exist happily by side. exist side by side. 2. next to each other The children sat side by side watching television. Close

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In the West there are differences between table manners in

various countries, although they are not so marked. In North America it is polite to cut up meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand and eat with it. Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all

the time when they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) special knives and forks are used for eating fish. In France, Belgium and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same knife for every course, wiping it on a piece of bread.

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In the West there are differences between table manners in

various countries, although they are not so marked. In North America it is polite to cut up meat and then put the knife down, take ... in various countries, although they are not so the fork in the right hand and eat with it. Most European people, like marked. British, keep the fork in the left and to the knife in the right all —...the in different countries, although it is hand not easy notice

the time when they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British these differences 翻译Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) 在西方,不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪,尽管这些 special knives and forks are used for eating fish. In France, Belgium 差异不那么明显。 and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the Close same knife for every course, wiping it on a piece of bread.

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In the West there are differences between table manners in

various countries, although they are not so marked. In North America it is polite to cut up meat and then put the knife down, take course: n. a part of a meal which is served separately from the fork in the right hand and eat with it. Most European people, like the other parts the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all a four-course lunch the time when they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British A traditional British main course consists of a meat Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) dish with potatoes and other vegetables. special knives and forks are used for eating fish. In France, Belgium Close and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same knife for every course, wiping it on a piece of bread.

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Drinking customs at table also vary in different countries. In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is taken afterwards. In North America a beverage such as coffee, tea or milk is drunk with meals. Table manners of course have changed with time. The earliest meals were also the simplest. They were eaten sitting on the ground round a fire, and everyone took his food from a pot on the fire or cut

bits from the animal or bird that had been cooked. The women waited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.

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vary: v. Drinking customs at table also vary in different countries. In 1.to be different Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school. taken afterwards. 2.to change often In North America a beverage such as coffee, tea His vary according to the weather. or mood milk isseems drunk to with meals. cf. change: v. manners of course have changed with time. The earliest Table 1.meals to become different were also the simplest. They were eaten sitting on the ground Susan has changed a lot since I last saw her. round a fire, and everyone took his food from a pot on the fire or cut 2. to stop having or doing one thing and start bits fromor the animal or bird that been cooked. The women having doing something else had instead waited on thefrom warriors and afterwards ate what they left. We’ve changed traditional methods of production

to an automated(自动化的)system.

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Close

Drinking customs at table also vary in different countries. In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is taken afterwards. In North America a beverage such as coffee, tea or milk is drunk with meals. Table manners of course have changed with time. Table manners of course have changed with time. The earliest Please paraphrase thethe sentence. meals were also simplest. They were eaten sitting on the ground Asround time went by,and table manners also become a fire, everyone took hishave foodchanged/ from a pot on the fire or cut different. Close bits from the animal or bird that had been cooked. The women waited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.

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Drinking customs at table also vary in different countries. In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is taken afterwards. In North America a beverage such as coffee, tea wait on someone: to serve food to someone at their table or milk is drunk with meals. The staff who waited of on course us at dinner excellent. Table manners have were changed with time. The earliest They seemed verythe unhappy to wait customers there. on the ground meals were also simplest. Theyonwere eaten sitting 他们似乎不愿意伺候那里的顾客。 round a fire, and everyone took his food from a pot on the fire or cut Close

bits from the animal or bird that had been cooked. The women waited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.

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Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food

was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt”. The ordinary people sat below the salt. In the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), people were still eating with their hands after cutting the food with a clasp knife which was

always carried at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the 17th century. Table manners did not always include quiet behavior. Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food

was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt”. The ordinary people sat below the the middle age: also the Middle Ages, the period in salt. In the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), people were still eating European history between about AD 1100 and 1500 with their hands after cutting the food with a clasp knife which was or sometimes, in a wider sense, between AD 500 always carried at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the and 1500. 17th century. Table manners did not always include quiet behavior. Quarrels Close often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food

was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large Food was off wooden with theordinary noblemen sitting salt eaten cellar called simplydishes “the salt”. The people sat below the above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt”. salt. In the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), people were still eating Note the sentence structure here: a main clause + with + N + V-ing. with their hands after cutting the food with a clasp knife which was 翻译 always carried at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the 人们用木碟子吃东西,而贵族们坐在一个就叫“盐”的大盐窖上. 17th century. eat off: to eat (one’s food) from (certain dishes) Table manners did not always include quiet behavior. Quarrels Does the Queen really eat her meals off gold plates? often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent Close

people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food

was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt”. The ordinary people sat below the salt. (1491-1547) In the reign of Henry (1509-1547), people were still eating Henry VIIL: one of theVIII most famous English Kings with not theirused hands cutting thethe food with a clasp knife which was Forks were in after England until 17th century. — Only always in the 17th century didbelt. people in England forks. until the carried at the Forks were notbegin usedtoinuse England 17th century. Close

Table manners did not always include quiet behavior. Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food

was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt”. The ordinary people sat below the salt. In the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), people were still eating with their hands after cutting the foodwho with clasp knife which was Louis XIV: (1638-1715) a King of France, is aalso called the Sun Kingcarried because beauty and riches his court always at of thethe belt. Forks were notofused in England until the at Versailles. 17th century. Close

Table manners did not always include quiet behavior. Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food

was eaten off wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above a large salt cellar called simply “the salt”. The ordinary people sat below the salt. In the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547), people were still eating prevent (from): vt. to stop someone from doing something with their hands after cutting the food with a clasp knife which was The rain prevented me (from) coming. always carried at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the His back injury may prevent him from playing in 17th century. tomorrow’s game. Table manners did not always include quietClose behavior. Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that all knives should have rounded ends to prevent people from stabbing each other while they were eating.

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Summary of Text B Table manners in our world differ from country to country and

from region to region. Western style of eating is considered to have largely influenced Eastern countries. But even Western countries themselves differ in this respect. People in these countries do not use the knife and fork in the same way. There are also differences

in drinking customs. And naturally table manners have seen many changes throughout history, from ancient times, through the Middle Ages, to the 17th century. These changes include the kinds of food, the containers for holding food and special rules of behavior.

Click the title to continue…

Time For Fun 1 Six-year-old Linda returned unimpressed from her first day at school. Asked how she got on, she replied, “Every morning we are going to have roll call. We all have to sit at our desks and when the teacher calls our name we have to answer, ‘Prisoner’”. 2 Etc.: Sign used to make others believe you know more than you do. 3 A professor, telling a student that there was no excuse for his poor spelling, said “You should consult a dictionary whenever you are in doubt. It’s as simple as that.” The student appeared confused. “But, sir,” he replied. “I’m never in doubt.”

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4 Doctor: I have some bad news and some very bad news. Patient: Well, might as well give me the bad news first. Doctor: The lab called with your test results. They said you have 24 hours to live. Patient: 24 hours! That’s terrible! What could be worse? What’s the

very bad news? Doctor: I’ve been trying to reach you since yesterday.

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