crusades

The Crusades

Why did the Crusades occur? How did the Crusades affect the world?

Background 

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1050s CE = Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine Empire Within 40 years, the Seljuks control parts of the Byzantine Empire, including Palestine 1095CE = Byzantine Emperor asks Pope Urban II for help

Holy Land 

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Palestine is Holy Land to Muslims and Jews Christians also regard Palestine as Holy Land 

Jesus lived and taught in Palestine

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Map of Jerusalem

Council of Clermont 

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At Clermont, Pope Urban II tells German & French Bishops to recover Palestine Christians who answered the Pope’s calling were called crusaders

When were the Crusades?  

1095-1291CE: 200 years of religious wars 1099CE = The 1st Crusade 

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Late 1100s = The 3rd Crusade 

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Christians capture Jerusalem Christians surrender Jerusalem

1291 = The 4th Crusade 

Muslims are victorious

Key Causes 

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Pope believes the Crusades will increase his power in Europe Christians believe they will be forgiven for their sins if they fight for the cause Nobles hope to gain land & $$ by participating in the wars Travel & excitement Serfs want to escape feudal oppression

Key People 

Saladin 

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Respected leader who united the Muslim world in late 1100s Defeated Christians in Jerusalem Did not allow his men to kill, hurt, or rob the Crusaders

Key People 

Richard the Lion-Hearted 

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King of England in 1189 Determined to defeat Saladin Many victories, but could never capture Jerusalem

Pope Urban II

Impact 

Religious hatred 

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Increase in trade 

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Violence and massacres of Jews, Christians, and Muslims Returning Crusaders brought new spices, perfumes, and fabrics to Europe

Popes and feudal kings grow more powerful 

Leaders are commonly viewed as prestigious

Impact 

Feudalism weakened; serfs begin paying rent instead of paying with food and labor 

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Money-based economy arises

European interest in travel increases Cultural diffusion & learning 

Euro introduced to Byzantine & Muslim educational advancements

Organize the Effects of the Crusades    

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:) :) :) Trade increasesFeudalism weakens Popes & Kings grow more powerful Cultural diffusion learning

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:( :( :( Religious hatred Feudalism weakens-gov’t weakening Popes & Kings – more power

E-Tix   

1) What were the crusades? 2) Who fought in the crusades? 3) Describe one cause and one effect of the crusades.