DEFINISI ZOONOSIS

February 7, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Science, Biology, Zoology, Parasitology
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LECTURE NOTES ON ZOONOSIS

DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY  CLASSIFICATION 



EXAMPLE OF ZOONOSIS PARASITIC

Departement of Parasitology

DEFINITION OF ZOONOSIS Zoonosis is a group of diseases commonly found among vertebrate animal capable of infecting human, and vice-versa. Based on this definition, 2 group of classification are known:

zooanthroponosis and anthropozoonosis.

Zoonotic Parasitology

Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu

In simple term A

zoonotic disease is any disease which may be passed from animals to people or from people to animals (According to the CDC*)

CDC: U.S. Communicable Disease Center

Some Facts about Zoonotic Diseases  Approximately

60% of all human pathogens are zoonotic  75% of emerging infectious diseases have an animal origin  Growing need for veterinarians and physicians to work together

Parasites and Animals 

Many methods of parasite transmission to people involve animals

Classification of zoonosis by Cause

CLASSIFICATION OF ZOONOSIS BASED ON ITS CAUSE

Viral

Zoonosis – Bacterial Zoonosis –fungal/mycotic Zoonosis • Parasitic Zoonosis

Causes of Zoonotic Disease Bacteria Fungi Virus Parasites

ZOONOSIS CAUSED VIRUS   

 

EBOLA JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER NIPAH FEVER MARBURG DISEASE





 

KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (SONG-GO) RABIES WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS RIFT VALLEY FEVER

BACTERIAL ZOONOSIS      

ANTHRAX LYME DISEASE Q FEVER BRUCELLOSIS LEPTOSPIROSIS BARTONELLOSIS

 

   

PORCINE ERYSIPELAS LISTERIOSIS PSITTACOSIS SALMONELLOSIS STREPTOCOCCOSIS MELIOIDOSIS

CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITIC ZOONOSIS 

ZOONOSIS BY PARASITIC PROTOZOA  ZOONOSIS BY PARASITIC HELMINTHES  ZOONOSIS BY ECTOPARASITES

ZOONOSIS BY PARASITIC PROTOZOA

     

BALANTIDIASIS CRYPTOSPORIDIASIS GIARDIASIS PNEUMOCYSTOSIS SARCOSPORIDIOSIS TOXOPLASMOSIS

ZOONOSIS BY HELMINTHES        

ANGYOSTRONGYLIASIS ASCARIASIS SUUM DIPYLIDIASIS DIROFILARIASIS FASCIOLIASIS HYDATIDOSIS HYMENOLEPIASIS LARVA MIGRANS

       

LINGUATULIASIS PHYSALOPTERIASIS SCHISTOSOMIASIS SPARGANOSIS STRONGYLOIDIASIS TAENIASIS SAGINATA TRICHINOSIS TRICHSTRONGYLIDIASIS

ZOONOSIS BY ECTOPARASITES 

ACARIASIS  MYIASIS  SCABIES  INFESTATION BY TICKS DAN MITES

Vector-borne Parasites 

A vector is an agent which transfers a parasite from one host to another  Typical parasite vectors: fleas, ticks, mites, mosquitoes, flies, and other insects  People become infected when a vector picks up the parasite from an infected animal and infects a human

CONTACT BETWEEN EPIZOOTIC CYCLE AMONG PRIMATES AND MAN

Epizootic Cycle

Zoonotic Cycles

Parasites carried by Vectors 

Many parasites that are carried by vectors are often found in the blood of humans and animals

Trypanosoma Cruzi 

Causes Chagas disease.  Damage to heart, digestive tract, and brain (in children).  Spread by the “Kissing Bug,” native to South America and the southern US  The bug bites the human then defecates next to the wound. Rubbing bite wound spreads parasite into the wound.  Parasite can cycle from animals like armadillos, raccoons, opossums, and foxes to bugs to humans.

Chagas Disease & The “Kissing Don’t Kiss ME!!! Bug”

Trypanosoma cruzi in the blood

Kissing Bug found in Texas

Babesia 

Intracellular protozoa found in red blood cells If you play around trees, check your  Spread by infected Ticks head and body for me!!

Leishmania 

Unlike Babesia and Chagas Disease, Leishmania live in tissue and not the blood  Spread through the bite of an infected Sandfly*

*common on Caribbean beaches

Leishmania

Human foot

Waterborne Parasites  Spread

when humans come into contact with water that has been contaminated by an infected animal  Common waterborne parasites include – Giardia – Cryptosporidium

Giardia & Cryptosporidium

Giardia & Cryptosporidium    

Get from swallowing water contaminated by another infected human or animal Giardia is the 2nd most common parasitic disease in people Cryptosporidium is the most common cause of diarrhea from swimming Both can cause severe diarrhea Gross!!! Don’t drink the water your swimming in!!!

How Do People Get Parasites

Methods of Parasite I need to WASH MY Transmission HANDS!!!  Insect

bites  Animal feces  Handling raw meat and fish  Handling cat litter boxes  Contaminated fruits and vegetables  Infected food handlers  Contaminated water  Contact with an infected person

Broad Categories of Transmission 

Vectorborne (insects)  Waterborne  Fecal Oral Transmission  Contaminated Meat

Fecal-Oral Transmission 

Most common way people become infected with zoonotic parasites  Parasites are spread to humans when they ingest the eggs from the feces of an infected I don’t animal feel so  Parasites spread by fecal oral transmissiongood generally live in the intestinal tract

Spread by Fecal Oral Transmission 

Hookworms  Roundworms  Hydatid Disease  Toxoplasmosis

Hookworms & Roundworms

They are like monsters!!!!

Hookworms & Roundworms 

Carried by dogs and cats  Kids often get infected from playing in sand boxes which animals have defecated  Or by putting toys in their mouth which have been on the ground

Hookworms 

Can penetrate the skin and gain entry into the human body  Bare feet are a common route of entry Wearing shoes is one of the best ways to prevent parasites from entering your feet!!!

Hydatid Disease 

After Humans consume the eggs passed by dogs the worms can form huge cysts in the body

Toxoplasmosis 



How many have of you have heard that pregnant women shouldn’t clean cat litter boxes? That is because of the potential for them to contract Toxoplasmosis which can cause them to lose their unborn child.

Toxoplasmosis 

Even though it is commonly associated with pregnancy and litter boxes, toxoplasmosis is more commonly transmitted through undercooked meat  According to the CDC toxoplasmosis is the 3rd leading cause of foodborne related deaths Order your in the US food to be cooked all the way!!

Contaminated Meat 

Meat can be contaminated with harmful bacteria and can also contain parasitic cysts which may infect people.  Common Parasites Found in Meat – Toxoplasmosis – Trichinella – Taenia – Gnathostomosis

Trichinosis & Taenia 

Both caused by eating cysts in undercooked pork or beef  Incidence rate has decreased with better animal management and slaughter protocol  Fully cook your meat!

Cysticercosis 

If a person consumes Taenia eggs they can develop cysts in their brain!

Gnathostomosis 

Similar to Taenia and Trichonosis, but gnathostomosis is found in raw fish  What area do you think this disease is most common? Asia

Cutaneus Larva Migrans (Creeping Eruption)

Morphology of Gnathostoma spinigerum

So How Can You Protect Yourself?

Preventing Zoonotic Parasites 

Brainstorm some ways we can prevent them… – – – – – –

Always wash your hands Keep sand boxes covered Wear shoes Pick up animal feces when possible Don’t drink untreated water Cook meat thoroughly

Summary 

Zoonotic parasites have many routes of transmission to people – Vectors – Water – Fecal Contamination – Infected Meat

References 

http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/default.htm  http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/dxendopar/ index.html  www.nih.gov  www.nsf.gov  www.floridahealthfinder.gov

Thank you Terimakasih

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