Direct & Indirect Speech: Imperatives

DIRECT SPEECH SUBJECT

REPORTING VERB DIRECT SPEECH

He

said,

“Drink milk” “Don’t drink coffee”

INDIRECT SPEECH SUBJECT

REPORTING VERB

NOUN / PRONOUN

INDIRECT SPEECH

He

told said

her

to drink milk Not to drink milk

GRAMMAR DIRECT SPEECH EXPLANATION

INDIRECT SPEECH

1.How to do?

Without using the exact words. No quotation marks.

2. in writing

States the exact words. Quotation mark.

3. Say or tell = √ simple past tense “Drink warm milk.” he said

4. Negative Infinitive (not + infinitive

“ Don’t go.”

√ He told her to drink warm milk. He said to drink warm milk. He told her not to go.

GRAMMAR DIRECT SPEECH EXPLANATION

INDIRECT SPEECH

5. Indirect speech imperatives use the infinitive the report: A. Instruction

B. Commands C. Requests D. Invitations

“Come early.” he said “Wait” “Could you please arrive by 8:00?” “Could you join us for lunch?”

He said to come early.

he told me to wait. She asked him to arrive by 8:00. She invited me to join them for lunch.

GRAMMAR DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH EXPLANASPEECH TION 6. Make the changes to keep the speaker’s original meaning A. Change He told Ann to tell He said to Ann, pronouns him her phone “Tell me your and number. phone number” possessives B. Change “Call me She said to call her time phrases. tomorrow.” the next day. C. Change “Sign this from She told him to sign this and here” that from there. there.

DIRECT SPEECH SUBJECT (S)

REPORTING VERB (RV)

DIRECT SPEECH

She

said,

“I like the dress.” “I bough it on sale” “I’ve worn it twice.”

INDIRECT SPEECH S

RV

She told

said

NOUN / PRONOUN

INDIRECT SPEECH

Jim me

She liked the dress. (that) She had bought it on sale. She had worn it twice.

DIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple present He said, “It’s great.”

Simple past He said it was great.

Present progressive “I’m leaving.”

Past progressive She said that she was leaving.

Simple past “I made it.”

Past perfect He said that he had made it.”

Present perfect He said to her, “I’ve never lied.”

Past perfect He told her that he had never lied.

DIRECT SPEECH SUBJECT (S)

REPORTING VERB (RV)

DIRECT SPEECH

He

asked,

“Do you have any experience?” “Can you use computer?”

INDIRECT SPEECH S

RV

NOUN / INDIRECT SPEECH PRONOUN

He

asked

Jim me

if He had any experience. whether I could use computer.

DIRECT SPEECH SUBJECT (S)

He

REPORTING VERB (RV) asked,

DIRECT SPEECH

“Who told you about the job?” “When do you want to start?”

INDIRECT SPEECH S

RV

NOUN / PRONOUN

INDIRECT SPEECH

He

asked

Jim me

who had told him about the job. when I wanted to start.