Discovery Services for Libraries
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DISCOVERY SERVICES FOR LIBRARIES
Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding
October 28, 2013
Internet Librarian 2013
Summary
The realm of technologies helping libraries provide access to their collections and services through their web presence continues to evolve and innovate. Indexbased, or “web-scale” discovery services have become a mainstay in academic libraries in helping their users find the materials they need among the vast resources available to them. Socially oriented discovery interfaces and portal products help public and other libraries bring together a variety of service and content offerings. Breeding gives an update on the realm of these public-facing technology products and services and takes a look into the trends going forward.
Discovery Resources
Discovery on LTG
The Evolution of Library Resource Discovery
Discovery in ARL Libraries
http://www.librarytechnology.org/arl-discovery.pl
Online Catalog
ILS Data
Search:
Scope of Search Search Results
Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Not in scope: Articles
Book
Chapters Digital objects
Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface
Single search box Query tools Did you mean Type-ahead
Relevance ranked results Faceted navigation Enhanced visual displays Cover art Summaries, reviews,
Recommendation services
Scope of Search Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Other local and open access content Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects
Discovery Interface search model Search:
Local Index
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
Search Results
MetaSearch Engine
EBSCOhost
… MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
Discovery from Local to Web-scale
Initial products focused on interface improvements AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena Mostly locally-installed software
Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Primo Central (Ex Libris) Summon (Serials Solutions) WorldCat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Encore ES (+EDS Index)
Public Library Information Portal
ILS Data Digital Collections
Search:
Usagegenerated Data
Customer Profile
Consolidated Index
Search Results
Web Site Content Community Information Aggregated Content packages
…
Customerprovided content Reference Sources Archives
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Discovery services as Website Replacement
Portal environment that includes customized content management service that can fulfill typical offerings on library Web sites Full integration between Web site and resource discovery (ideally) Examples: Axiell
Arena Infor Iguana
Web-scale Index-based Discovery (2009- present)
Digital Collections
Search:
Customer Profile
Consolidated Index
Search Results
Usagegenerated Data
ILS Data
Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Aggregated Content packages
…
Open Access
E-Journals Reference Sources
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Web-scale Search Problem
ILS Data Digital Collections
Search Results
Consolidated Index
Search:
Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Aggregated Content packages
…
E-Journals
??? Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index
Pre-built harvesting and indexing Non Participating Content Sources
Expanding the Depth of Discovery
Citations / Metadata > Full Text
Citations or structured metadata provide key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access Important to understand depth indexing Currency,
dates covered, full-text or citation Many other factors
Full-text Book indexing
HathiTrust: 11 million volumes, 5.3 million titles, 263,000 serial titles, 3.5 billion pages HathiTrust in Discovery Indexes Primo
Central (Jan 20, 2012) [previously indexed only metadata] EBSCO Discovery Service (Sept 8 2011) WorldCat Local (Sept 7, 2011) Summon (Mar 28, 2011)
Challenge for Relevancy
Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR Difficult to order records in ways that make sense Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings Objectivity: Does relevancy reflect bias or publisher preferences
Challenges for Collection Coverage
To work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collections What about publishers that do not participate? Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level? What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users? How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?
Evaluating the Coverage of Indexbased Discovery Services
Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service. Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher
Non-Cooperative Scenarios
Two major players are both publishers and discovery service providers EBSCO
– ProQuest
ProQuest does not provide content to other discovery services EBSCO does not provide content to other discovery services Issue currently being pressed by Orbis Cascade Alliance.
Open Discovery Initiative
NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011 Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker Term: Dec 2011 – Dec 2013
Balance of Constituents 23
Libraries Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt University Jamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard University Ken Varnum, University of Michigan
Sara Brownmiller, University of Oregon Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer) Michele Newberry
Publishers Lettie Conrad, SAGE Publications Roger Schonfeld, ITHAKA/JSTOR/Portico Jeff Lang, Thomson Reuters
Linda Beebe, American Psychological Assoc Aaron Wood, Alexander Street Press
Service Providers Jenny Walker, Ex Libris Group John Law, Serials Solutions Michael Gorrell, EBSCO Information Services
David Lindahl, University of Rochester (XC) Jeff Penka, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)
ODI Project Goals:
Identify … needs and requirements of the three stakeholder groups in this area of work. Create recommendations and tools to streamline the process by which information providers, discovery service providers, and librarians work together to better serve libraries and their users. Provide effective means for librarians to assess the level of participation by information providers in discovery services, to evaluate the breadth and depth of content indexed and the degree to which this content is made available to the user.
ODI Timeline 25
Milestone
Target Date
Appointment of working group
Dec 2011
Approval of charge and initial work plan
Mar 2012
Agreement on process and tools
Jun 2012
Completion of information gathering
Jan 2013
Completion of initial draft
Jun 2013
Completion of final draft
Sep 2013
Public Review Period commences
Sep 2013
Status
Social Discovery
A more social user experience
Ratings, rankings, reviews Enhanced content Connections with the library Connections with other users Challenge: Must have critical mass of engagement to have an impact
Social Strategies
Inherent BiblioCommons:
design and infrastructure created with social flavor and features
Layered or integrated ChiliFresh:
integrate a third party social platform into any given library catalog or discovery service
Socially-powered discovery
Leverage use data to increase effectiveness of discovery Usage data can identify important or popular materials to inform relevancy engines Identify related materials that may not otherwise be uncovered through keyword matching Be careful to avoid introducing bias loops
E-Book Integration
Critical concern for public libraries
Most libraries offer e-book lending programs Strong demand: increasing use statistics Print lending remains vigorous
Commercial library e-book lending services
OverDrive 3M Cloud Library Baker & Taylor: Axis 360 “Douglas County Model” Locally
curated e-book collections and lending platform
E-book Lending Models
Phase I: Link out to e-book lending service Phase II: Load MARC records in local catalog, then link out on individual titles Phase III: Discovery and lending operations performed fully within the library’s catalog or discovery environment
Full e-book lending
Discovery of print and e-book titles and copies simultaneously E-book transactions represented within patron’s library account List
of charged items, due dates Service options: renew, return, etc.
Ability to check-out and download e-books into ereader
Library Interfaces with e-book Integration
Polaris PowerPAC BiblioCommons SirsiDynix eResource Central Innovative Interfaces: Encore ES TLC: LS2 PAC OdiloTK from OdiloTID
The e-book integration ecosystem
E-book lending services must expose APIs Online catalog or discovery services must consume APIs and adjust interface design and business logic to accommodate discovery and lending operations Challenge: each e-book service provider’s APIs are different Response: Work toward consistent or standard suite of APIs
Library Technology Reports
The Current State of Library Resource Discovery Products: Context, Library Perspectives, and Vendor Positions In press for Publication January 2014
LTR Components
Vender questionnaire Library Survey Industry announcements Other articles and publications
Library Discovery Survey
Survey executed to gather data from libraries regarding their experiences with discovery services Responses received by 396 Libraries: 29 Countries represented, 252 responses from United States
Academic
247
Consortium Government Agency Law Medical Museum National Other Public Special State Theology
15 2 7 5 1 1 1 96 14 4 3
Overall Satisfaction
Overall Effectiveness
Comprehensiveness: Academic Libraries
Relevancy Effectiveness
Objectivity in Discovery
Objectivity in Discovery: Academics
Example Product rating chart
Discovery Trends
Discovery Service Installations Product
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EBSCO EDS
5,000
Primo
12
AquaBrowser
55 339
Encore
72
LS2 PAC
37
Civica Sorcer Axiell Arena
53 506
111 101
64
69
74
72 109
56
72
46
58
88
Summon
Enterprise
Installed
77
58
1900
750
365 73
305
50 164
214 158
704
75
100 102
328
16 7
12
22
61
57
33
3
42
76
Trend Tendency toward re-alignment with management systems
Alma + Primo / Primo Central Sierra + Encore WorldCat Local + WorldShare Management Services Intota + Summon
Counter trend Many libraries continue separate discovery strategies
Open source discovery + licensed Web-scale index EBSCO Discovery Service: strategy to integrate with any back-end ILS or LSP
Trend Increased uptake in academic libraries of Web-scale discovery services
Almost a “must-have” product as one component of overall resource discovery and dissemination strategy
Trend Content providers cooperate with discovery service providers for indexing in Web-scale services
New content partnerships continue to be announced
Counter Trend A&I providers and aggregators less likely to participate
Competitive issues Need to preserve the value of maintaining subscriptions
Trend Public libraries moving back to discovery interface associated with their ILS
ILS Online Catalog modules now offer most discovery interface characteristics Examples: Most libraries using Polaris ILS use Polaris PowerPAC catalog interface. Displacing AquaBrowser or Endeca TLC libraries have largely abandoned AquaBrowser for LS2 PAC
Counter Trend BiblioCommons
BiblioCommons is the primary discovery layer widely implemented in public libraries that continues to replace ILS online catalog modules
Trend Increased universe of discovery through highly-shared infrastructure
Built-in resource sharing by many libraries participating in shared automation environment
Major Products
Serials Solutions: Summon
Launched in June 2009 First
“web-scale” discovery service Unified search results, facets, etc
Summon 2.0 released in 2013 Emphasis
on tools to provide research assistance beyond search results Topic explorer, scholar profiles, database recommender, content spotlighting, etc
Ex Libris: Primo / Primo Central
Primo (discovery interface) launched in 2005 Deployed
Primo Central: article-level index introduced in 2009 Index
locally or cloud
maintained by Ex Libris, cloud hosted
Scholar Rank: technology designed to order search results according to scholarly importance
EBSCO Discovery Service
Extends EBSCOhost platform with non-EBSCO content Users comfortable with EBSCOhost interface will easily adapt to EDS Platform Blending Direct delivery of full-text from EBSCO sources Linking to full text for non-EBSCO content
http://www.ebscohost.com/discovery
WorldCat Local
Statistics from OCLC web site: 952+
million articles with one-click access to full text 38+ million digital items from trusted sources like Google Books, OAIster and HathiTrust 14+ million eBooks from leading aggregators and publishers 48+ million pieces of evaluative content (Tables of Contents, cover art, summaries, etc.) included at no additional charge 232+ million books in libraries worldwide http://www.oclc.org/worldcat-local.en.html
Innovative Interfaces: Encore
Initial version: discovery interface only with local index Encore Synergy: XML Web services interfaces to resource targets for articles Encore / EDS integration: agreement with EBSCO to integrate EDS for mutual subscribers
BiblioCommons: BiblioCore
Discovery service oriented to public libraries Social features – share reading lists, etc E-book discovery and lending integration Full replacement for online catalog Pooling of patrons across participating library organizations
Blacklight
Open source discovery interface Originated at the University of Virginia Increasing interest by academic libraries Stanford,
Columbia, Cornell, etc
No open access article-level index
VuFind
Open source discovery interface Originally developed at Villanova University Widely deployed Web-scale indexes integrated by subscribers through APIs No open access article-level index
Axiell: Arena
Comprehensive library portal Discovery + Web site features Positioned as discovery interface for Axiell’s several ILS products Discovery layer for Archival products: CALM and Adlib Can front both Library and Archival or museum products simultaneously: CultereNet
Infor: Iguana
Comprehensive library portal Discovery + Web site features Widget based architecture Positioned as marketing and communications portal Replaces both online catalog and Web site
Catalog 2.0
Edited by Sally Chambers Chapter: “Nextgeneration discovery: an overview of the European scene”
Library Technology Report: 2007
Introduction to nextgeneration library catalogs or discovery interfaces Trends Profiles of major products
Next-Gen Library Catalogs Marshall Breeding Neal-Schuman Publishers March 2010
Volume 1 of The Tech Set
Questions and discussion
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