Dogberryisms

Dogberry “You are thought here to be the most senseless and fit man for the constable of the watch…” Dogberry, Act 3, scene 3 Shakespeare plays with language like a jazz musician plays with musical notes—sometimes following rules, sometimes making up new rules, and often extending a whole series of words in various forms to make a particular point. Characters in his plays use words not just to communicate, but to create a certain mood or paint a complex picture of a person or situation. On order to express their emotions in new ways, Shakespeare’s characters use every literary device we know and inventing new ones. Poor Dogberry! He seems to love words—his speeches are full of complex and certainly interesting phrases and turns of thought—but he doesn’t seem to really understand the words that he’s saying. He consistently substitutes one word for another, creating malapropisms that usually result in a joke. Sometimes a malapropism is made by substituting an incorrect word that sounds a lot like the word that the person really means. For example: Dogberry asks his sidekick Verges not to compare things to each other by saying, “Comparisons are odorous”. He means “odious”, which means hateful or disgusting, but he instead ends up saying that comparisons are smelly. Don’t you just hate when metaphors are lying around in the garbage stinking up the place? Another kind of malapropism is when one substitutes a word that means the exact opposite of what is intended. For instance, when Dogberry accuses the conspirator Borachio, he says, “O villain! Thou wilt be condemned into everlasting redemption for this.” He meant to say something like “condemnation,” wanting to tell Borachio that he will be punished by God for his villainy. But he uses “redemption”, meaning “rescue or recovery”, having comic effect. Another textual indication of Dogberry’s state of mind is a seeming inability to keep things in order. For example, when listing the many offenses of the lawbreakers, he says, “moreover they have spoken untruths; secondarily, they are slanders; sixth and lastly, they have belied a lady; thirdly, they have verified unjust things; and, to conclude, they are lying knaves.”

Shakespeare was First: The word “malapropism” comes from a play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rivals, first performed in 1775. In The Rivals, a character named Mrs. Malaprop makes the same kind of verbal mistakes as Dogberry. (Her name comes from the French phrase mal à propos, meaning not to the purpose.) But these confused and comic turns of phrase, used to such great effect by Dogberry in the 1500s, was known to Renaissance crowds as “dogberryism”.

DOGBERRYISMS WORKSHEET 1. Marry, sir, I would have some confidence with you that decerns you nearly. • Definition of misused word: _________________ • Word that is meant: __________________ • Translation of the phrase with an appropriate word: __________________________________________ • Translation of the phrase with Dogberry’s word: _____________________________________________ 2. if I were as tedious as a king, • Definition of misused word: _________________ • Word that is meant: __________________ • Translation of the phrase with an appropriate word: __________________________________________ • Translation of the phrase with Dogberry’s word: _____________________________________________ 3. Our watch, sir, have indeed comprehended two aspicious persons • Definition of misused word: _________________ • Word that is meant: __________________ • Translation of the phrase with an appropriate word: __________________________________________ • Translation of the phrase with Dogberry’s word: _____________________________________________ 4. Is our whole dissembly appeared? • Definition of misused word: _________________ • Word that is meant: __________________ • Translation of the phrase with an appropriate word: ___________________________________________ • Translation of the phrase with Dogberry’s word: ______________________________________________ 5. …by this time our sexton hath reformed Signior Leonato of the matter • Definition of misused word: _________________ • Word that is meant: __________________ • Translation of the phrase with an appropriate word: ___________________________________________ • Translation of the phrase with Dogberry’s word: ______________________________________________ Short Answer: Do Dogberry’s malapropisms contain some hidden meaning? For instance, is the effect only comic or does the incorrect phrase take on a deeper meaning – a tedious king, for instance, is a very potent image. What do you think Shakespeare intended? Write a paragraph explaining your response.