Enlightenment & REVOLUTION!!

Enlightenment & REVOLUTION!! Unit 6

Age of Enlightenment (Early 1700s)

Beliefs of The Enlightenment 

Using Reason Solves ALL Problems



Focus on Changing/Improving Gov’t – Anti-Religion, Humanist

Thomas Hobbes  Book:

Leviathan

 Only

a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide Order

 People

are Naturally Cruel & Selfish

John Locke  Book:  All

Two Treaties of Government

People Have NATURAL RIGHTS

– Life – Liberty – Property – OVERTHROW Bad Government

Montesquieu  Book:

The Spirit of Laws

 Divide

Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, & Legislative – Checks & Balances

Adam Smith  Book:

The Wealth of Nations

 Wants

LAISSEZ FAIRE Economy

– Gov’t Leaves Economy ALONE

Others  Roussau

– People Are Corrupted by SOCIETY – Book: Social Contract  Wollstoncraft

– Woman’s Equality  Diderot

– End of Slavery/Education for All

Other Aspects of the Enlightenment 





Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Democratically Elected Gov’t Catholic Church Banned Books by Authors and Imprisoned Them Absolute Monarchs Who Wanted Change Were “Enlightened Monarchs” – Frederick & Catherine the Great

Rise of Democracy

The King’s Advisors  Great

Britain Became a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY – Kingdom w/ Rules

 King

Had to Listen to a Group of Advisors Called The CABINET Led by a PRIME MINISTER

American Revolution

Anger in America  Former

English in America Felt Their Rights Were Protected By MAGNA CARTA

 British

Sent Troops to America; Violence Led to BOSTON MASSACRE

 American’s

Protested Over Taxes (BOSTON TEA PARTY)

American Action  Formed

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

– First Independent American Government  DECLARATION

OF INDEPENDENCE

– Written by Thomas Jefferson Against British Control of America – “Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”

American Revolutionary War  Fought

British in America Because Americans Were Taxed w/o Being Represented

 BATTLE

OF YORKTOWN (1781)

– Ended War w/ American Victory

American Independence  Treaty

of Paris (1783)

– U.S. Becomes Independent Nation – Ally w/ France Helped U.S. Win

Poster Assignment  Make

a Poster Advertising Either For or Against American Independence from Britain

 Include

 Have

Reason Why You Chose Side

a Clear Picture Representing Opinion

The French Revolution

The Three Estates 

French Society was Divided Into THREE ESTATES Under the King: – First: Clergy (Pastors, Priests, etc) – Second: Nobles (Wealthy, Landowners) – Third: Everyone Else



Estates General was France’s Parliament or Congress – Against King’s Power

Problems in France  The

Government Was Broke

– Spent to Much on Wars & Luxuries  King

Louis Called the Estates General Into Session (Make Decisions) – First Time in 175 Years – Needed Them to Raise Taxes

French Constitution  Once

In Session, Estates General Writes NEW Constitution (1789) – For “Life, Equality, Fraternity”

 Similar

to American Constitution in Same Year

Rebellion Begins  King

Louis XIV Begins Oppressing & Attacking the Estates General – Anger at New Constitution

 French

Citizens in Paris ATTACK the King’s Fort, The BASTILLE for Weapons – Begins French Revolution

Storming of the Bastille

Revolution’s Results  France

Formed a National Assembly

– Took Property from Catholic Church to Pay Off Debts  King

Louis XIV & Wife Marie Antoinette Tried to Escape to Germany – Were Caught, Arrested, EXECUTED

Reign of Terror  Max

Robespierre NEW Head of French Gov’t

 Treated

Traitors

 Use

Enemies of Revolution as

of Guillotine

– Executed People like King Louis XIV – Killed Over 40,000 in Paris Alone

The Guillotine

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte  General  Took

in the French Army

Control of France (1789)

– Made It a World Power  SHORT,

Charismatic, In Love (w/ Josephine)

Supported By Everyone  French

Catholics

– Gave Them Religious Freedom

 Peasants

– Allowed Them to Keep Lands Stolen from Nobles and Church

Napoleonic Wars 

Tried to Conquer the World; Europe 1st



Victories – Italy – Germany



Defeats – Trafalgar (to England) – Russia (TOO Cold; Only 2.5% Army Survived) – Waterloo (LAST Defeat)

Napoleon’s Legacy 





Napoleon Abdicates After Losing, Exiled to the Island Elba Returns, but is Exiled Again to Island in South Atlantic, Dies Sold Louisiana to the United States to Pay for Wars

– Doubled the Size of the U.S.

Even MORE Revolution

Congress of Vienna  Leaders

in Europe Met to Discuss Europe’s Future

 Balanced

Power Amongst the European Countries; Equal Power

 Replaced

Governments in Other Countries Back to MONARCHIES

Causes of Other French Revolutions  Revolution

of 1830

– Charles X Tried to Make Himself an ABSOLUTE MONARCH  Revolution

of 1848

– Louis Philippe's Corrupt Gov’t – Recession – Rise in Bread Prices

Latin American Revolutions

Haiti 

First Latin American Country to Rebel – Inspired by French & American – Leader Toussaint L’Overture JUST Like Napoleon





Violent, Bloody Slave Rebellion Against Masters

Made First Independent Black Nation in the Americas

Haitian Revolution

Rebellion Against Spanish  Mexico

– Led by Agustin de Iturbide – Became Emperor Briefly

 Peru

– Led by Tupac Amaru II

Revolutionaries  Simon

Bolivar

– Independence of: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia  Jose

de San Martin

– Independence of: Argentina & Chile

Brazil  PEACEFUL

Independence Gained from Portugal

 Portuguese

King Gave Son to Rule Brazil Independently