Essentials of Sociology, 7th Edition

Essentials of Sociology 9th Edition

Chapter 3: Socialization

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1 Socialization

Chapter Overview What is Human Nature?

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Agents of Socialization

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Resocialization

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Socialization into the Self, Mind, and Emotions

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Are We Prisoners of Socialization?

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Socialization into Gender

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2 Socialization

What is Human Nature?  Nature vs. Nurture  Isolated Children (Isabelle)  Institutionalized Children (Skeels and Dye)  Deprived Animals (Harlow Monkeys)

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3 Socialization

In Sum… ...Society Makes Us Human

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4 Socialization

Cooley – Looking Glass Self (Socialization Process) 1) We imagine how we appear to others 2) We interpret their reactions 3) We develop a self-concept  It’s a life-long process as we are continuously involved in the development of the self

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5 Socialization

Mead and Role Taking (Socialization Process)  Children go through three stages in the development of the self 1) Imitation –Children imitate significant others 2) Play – “Dressing Up” 3) Games – Generalized Other – What the groups thinks about the individual; the individual takes on multiple roles

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6 Socialization

Socialization and Emotions  6 basic global emotions – Paul Ekman  The expression of emotions differs from culture to culture  Our culture controls the emotions within us

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7 Socialization

Gender Messages  Gender Messages in the Family  The Peer Group

 Gender Messages in the Mass Media  Television and Movies  Video Games

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8 Socialization

Agents of Socialization  The Family –Kohn Study  School and Peer Groups –Adler Study  Religion  Day Care  The Workplace –Anticipatory Socialization – “Trying on a role before one enters it”  Sports

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9 Socialization

Resocialization and Total Institutions 

Resocialization occurs when one learns a new set of norms, values, attitudes and behaviors to match their new situation in life. This can be very mild to very intense.  Total institutions (a term coined by Erving Goffman) are places where people are cut off from the rest of society and come under control of the officials who are in charge.  People go through degradation ceremonies in total institutions. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10 Socialization

Socialization Through the Life Course     

Childhood-birth to about 12 Adolescence-13 to 17 years old Transitional Adulthood-18 to 29 years old The Middle Years-30 to 65 years old The Older Years-65 years and Up

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11 Socialization

Are We Prisoners of Socialization?  Sociologists Do Not Think So  Socialization is Powerful, but the Self is Dynamic  Individuals Are Actively Involved in the Construction of the Self

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12 Socialization