Fighting WWII in the Pacific (PowerPoint)

■ Essential Question: –What role did the United States play in fighting in the Pacific during World War II?

■ CPUSH Agenda for Unit 11.5: –Clicker Questions –“Fighting World War II” notes –“The Manhattan Project” inquiry activity –Today’s HW: 25.3 –Unit 11 Test: Thursday, February 16 –Semester Essay: Tuesday, February 21

While the war was coming to an end in Europe, the Allies continued to fight the Japanese in the Pacific

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the USA sent troops to the Pacific theater The Pacific war revealed a new kind of fighting by using aircraft carriers The turning point in the war in the Pacific came at the Battle of Midway After Midway, the Allies began to regain islands controlled by Japan

Japan did not play by traditional rules in war

“Kamikaze” pilots flew planes into battleships & aircraft carriers

Japanese soldiers refused to surrender & tortured Allied prisoners of war

The problem for the Allies was the time & troops it would cost to retake the thousands of islands the Japanese controlled in the Pacific The U.S. developed an island-hopping strategy to skip the heavily defended islands & seize islands close to Japan

From 1943 to 1945, the Allies took back the Philippines & were movingtook in on Japan The fight for Guadalcanal 6 months & cost 25,000 Japanese & 2,000 U.S. lives

In 1945, the Allies won the islands of Iwo Jima & Okinawa From these islands, the U.S. began firebombing Japanese cities

Despite losing control of the Pacific & withstanding firebomb attacks, Japan refused to surrender By May 1945, the war in Europe was over & U.S. began preparing for a land invasion of Japan

…But, perhaps a land invasion was not necessary…

Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb? Critical Thinking Decision A In 1939, Albert Einstein wrote U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt about the potential to build a nuclear weapon

FDR created a top-secret program called the Manhattan Project

FDR’s Decision:

B

The Manhattan Project Robert Oppenheimer was put in charge of developing the bomb From 1942-1945, a number of secret labs across the country developed & built the bomb

In July 1945, the bomb was The bomb was constructed successfully tested in at Los Alamos, a secret city Oak Ridge, TNProject Trinity NewinMexico during

Physicist Enrico Fermi at the Nuclear plant in Hanford, WA University of Chicago developed developed the plutonium the nuclear reaction America: Story of Us: The Manhattan Project

In April 1945, FDR died & his VP Harry Truman had to decide how to end the war in the Pacific

Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb: Critical Thinking Decision B

Truman’s Decision:

C

In July 1945, the Truman learned the atomic Big Three met at the bomb was ready & issued the Potsdam Conference to Potsdam Declaration to Japan: discuss the end of WWII “surrender or face destruction”

When Japan refused to surrender, Truman ordered the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945

After 3 days, Japan did not surrender so a 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki After the second atomic bomb, Emperor Hirohito agreed to a surrender

World War II was over

Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb: Critical Thinking Decision C

Conclusions: The Impact of World War II ■ World War II was the biggest, most deadly, & most impactful war in world history: –Europe was destroyed by the war & lost its place as the epicenter of power in the world –The USA & USSR emerged as super powers & rivals competing for influence in the world –A United Nations was formed to replace the League of Nations to help promote peace –Colonized nation began to demand independence from Europeans