Figure 2

January 15, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Math, Statistics And Probability, Statistics
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

Download Figure 2...

Description

5th HyMeX Workshop 17-19 May 2011 Menorca, Spain

G. Pace1, G.Cremona4, A. di Sarra1, D. Meloni1, F. Monteleone3, D. Sferlazzo2, L. Vitali4, G. Zanini4 [email protected]

Poster session Observation systems PO1.8

1

Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, UTMEA-TER, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123, S. Maria di Galeria, Italy; 2 Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, UTMEA-TER, Contrada Capo Grecale, 92010, Lampedusa, Italy; 3 Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, UTMEA-TER, Via Catania, 2, 90141 Palermo, Italy; 4 Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, UTVALAMB-AIR, Via Martiri di Monte Sole, 4, 40129, Bologna, Italy;

Operational instruments [and measured parameters] Meteorological station

The ENEA station at Lampedusa

[air pressure, temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity, precipitation (Vaisala); solar irradiance (Kipp and Zonen)]. [wind vertical profiles, three components, ERSE].

SODAR

Non-dispersive Infra-red (NDIR) analyzer [atmospheric CO2 concentration] Gas chromatograph [atmospheric concentration of CH4, N2O, CFC-11 and CFC-12]. Ozone UV analyzer [ozone concentration; Agrigento Province]. ENEA gas sampling unit [weekly analyses of 15 different halogen compounds, made at ENEA, Rome]. NOAA gas sampling unit [weekly analyses of CO2, CH4, SF6, CO, 13C, H2, 18O, made at NOAA]. Aerosol lidar PM-10 aerosol sampler Cimel sun photometer

[together with University of Rome; aerosol backscattering and depolarization profiles]. [Tecora Skypost, daily chemical analyses performed at the University of Florence]. [aerosol optical depth and optical properties (jointly with University of Modena and Reggio Emilia), included in the AErosol RObotic NETwork, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/]. Particle-Soot Absorption Probe [PSAP, aerosol absorption coefficient/soot concentration; LSCE/ISPL, France] Aerosol deposition [LISA, France] Vis-Multi Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer [MFRSR; aerosol optical depth at several wavelengths, diffuse-to-direct irradiance ratio, column water vapor, aerosol single scattering albedo]. Possible CNC/aerosol size distribution measurements [CNRM, France] Possible additional aerosol chemical characterization during ChArMEx [LISA, France] Brewer MK III spectrophotometer [total ozone, spectral UV, aerosol optical depth]. Precision Spectral Pyranometer [downward shortwave irradiance]. Precision Infrared Pyranometer [downward longwave irradiance]. CGR4 [downward longwave irradiance]. Shaded Precision Spectral Pyranometer [diffuse downward shortwave irradiance]. Photosynthetic radiation radiometer [downward photosynthetically active radiation]. Actinic radiation spectrometer [actinic radiation spectra, photodissociation rates]. F-RAD UV filter radiometer [UV irradiance at 7 bands]. UV-Multi Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer [MFRSR; aerosol optical depth at several wavelengths, diffuse-to-direct irradiance ratio, column water vapor, aerosol single scattering albedo]. Total sky imager [cloud cover]. Water vapor Raman lidar [day/nighttime vertical profiles of water vapor, aerosol extinction (jointly with University of Rome)]. Vaisala radio/ozonesonde [temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, ozone vertical profiles]. HatPro Microwave Radiometer [temperature and water vapor vertical profiles, integrated water vapour, liquid water content, cloud base height, included in the International Network of Ground-based Microwave Radiometers, http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/mwrnet/main_files/MWRnetmap.html].

The ENEA Station for Climate Observations of Lampedusa, is the most southern and the east of the four atmospheric sites participant in the HyMeX project. Thanks to the small surface area (about 22 km2) and low elevation (the island is a plateau which degrades from North to South, with the maximum altitude of 133 m) of the island, the ENEA station of Lampedusa offers a unique opportunity to provide long time series of atmospheric parameters representative for the marine background conditions of the Mediterranean. A large set of observations are carried out continuously at the station. Early measurements were started in 1992; the station is operational since 1998, and a relatively extended time series of several parameters (greenhouse gases, Artuso et al., 2009, 2010; aerosol optical properties, Pace et al., 2006, Meloni et al., 2007, 2008; radiative fluxes, di Sarra et al., 2008, Di Biagio et al., 2009, 2010; column water vapour, Liberti et al., 2009; meteorological properties, total ozone, UV irradiance, Meloni et al., 2005; ozone, cloud cover and optical properties, aerosol chemical composition and vertical profiles, Di Iorio et al., 2009; etc.) is available. a)

b)

c)

d)

Figure 1. a) Cimel Sun Photometer, b) Metcon Actinic Radiation Spectrometer, c) RPG-HATPRO, d) Yes Total Sky Imager and Brewer MK III Spectrophotometer

Microwave measurements

c)

50 30 10

b)

12 8

T inversion altitude (m)

4

a)

600

T inversion strength (K)

Monthly T inversion frequency occurence (%)

Figure 2. IWV temporal evolution measured at Lampedusa. Dots and red line respectively represent five minutes data averages and 2 days running mean of the of IWV data. Measurements form May to September 2009 and from November 2010 to April 2011 are shown with blue and black dots.

0

400 200 0

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

Day number

240

270

300

330

360

0.3

0.3

b)

a) 0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Inversion strenght (K)

9 10 0

100

200

300

400

500

Altitude inversion (m)

0 600

Relative frequency (%)

Relative frequency (%)

Figure 4. The height of the maximum of temperature profile in the first 2 km, a), the strength, b), and the monthly occurrence of temperature inversion, c), are showed.

High temporal resolution measurements of absolute humidity and temperature vertical profiles by an HATPRO-RPG microwave radiometer (MWR) as well as integrated water vapour (IWV), liquid water content (LWC) and cloud base height (CBH) were started in May 2009. In May-June 2010 the MWR took part in the validation campaign of the National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (http://www.minni.org/risultati/campagna-sperimentale-trisaia). The MWR is again working at The station of Lampedusa since November 2010. Figure 2 shows an almost complete annual cycle of IWV measurements; the IWV data ranges from minimum values close to 4 kg/m3 between December and March, to maximum values around 35 kg/m3 in August. Spikes in figure 2 are related to rain periods or very high humidity conditions generating condensation on the microwave window. A detailed algorithm to screen such events is being developed. When operating in the Boundary Layer scanning mode the HATPRO provides temperature profiles (TPB) with relatively high spatial resolution in the first 2 km (nominally 50 m in the first 1200 m). An example of TPB temperature measurements is shown in figure 3, with the evolution from 7 to 15 April 2011 and 4 selected profiles. Presently TPB data are averaged over one hour and are normally acquired every 15 minutes. Using TPB data the annual evolution of the boundary layer temperature inversion has been studied. A temperature inversion is identified when T(zi)>T(z0), while the strength of the inversion is defined as Tmax(zj)-Tmin(zi) with z0≤zi
View more...

Comments

Copyright � 2017 NANOPDF Inc.
SUPPORT NANOPDF