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• What type of government existed in most European countries in the 1700s? – Absolute monarch • Kings that rule with complete power. • Divine right: – They believed this power came from God

– Therefore, kings though they could do anything without any consequences.

Feudalism King

The Catholic Church Very wealthy and powerful

They protect the king And The land They work the land

Lords or Noblemen Knights

Peasants and Serfs

• King John – Continued to raise taxes and gain more power • Caused a problem with the Pope and the lords/barons.

• In 1215 AD – Barons forced King John to sign the Magna

• Magna Carta (law)

– King had to obey the law – Protected rights of the nobles – Gave the people the Right to Due Process of Law • The right to a court trial • No unreasonable arrest or imprisonment

– No new taxes unless agreed on –

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Carta

• Magna Carta led to the creation of – Parliament • Group of law makers • The king now had to get permission from parliament to raise taxes or pass a law.

• In 1603 James I became the King • 400 years later • He didn’t care about the Magna Carta • He took complete control of the govt. » absolute monarch

• King Charles I (James’ son) – Also an absolute monarch • He arrests and kills people without trials • He uses parliament to raise taxes for war

– Parliament forces him to sign the Petition of Rights – King can’t raise taxes – King can’t imprison or kill without a trial –

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• King Charles I doesn’t care about the Petition of Rights • He sent men to kill the leaders of Parliament • Leaders escape and raise an army • Start of the English Civil War

• English Civil War (1642-1649) – Parliament won – Guess what they did to King Charles. • Beheaded (first time a king was removed from power by execution) – Absolute monarchs would not be tolerated in England. –

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• England needed a government and a new leader • England became a Republic and Oliver Cromwell was the leader. • Threats caused Cromwell to institute a military state

• More problems caused Parliament to bring back the monarchy • King Charles’ son (Charles II) – Good king (Protestant) (he died)

• King James II (Charles’ brother) – Bad King – Absolute Monarch – Catholic –

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• Parliament – Secretly brought in James’ daughter, Mary (Protestant), and her husband William • They became the new king and queen of England. • No fight, King James fled to France – Known as the Glorious Revolution

• But, they first had to sign the English Bill of Rights

English Bill of Rights • English Bill of Right – King could not interfere with Parliament – – – –

Parliament: law makers for the people No taxes unless approved by Parliament Accused person had the right to a jury trial People were given the right to bear arms (weapons)

– Forced Monarchs to share power with parliament. • Limited monarchy or Constitutional monarchy – Constitution limits the power of the monarch

• No Catholic could become a King •

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1. What is the significance of the Magna Carta? a) It approved money for wars in France b) It asserted that the monarch (king) must obey the law c) It allowed the monarch to abolish Parliament d) It limited the power of the pope

2. Which of the following rights in the US Bill of Rights comes from a provision in the Magna Carta? a) Freedom of speech b) Freedom of religion c) The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness d) The right to due process of law

3. Which statement best summarizes the idea of representative government as its was established in the English Bill of Rights? a) Powers not granted to the king are kept by the people b) Laws are made and carried out by a group that acts for the people c) A strong central government protects individual freedoms

4. The English Civil War was fought between… a) b) c) d)

Puritans and Protestants Parliament and the king The two Houses of Parliament The Stuarts and the Tudors

5. What did the Glorious Revolution prove? a) That England would no longer accept a king b) That the Magna Carta was accepted throughout England c) That the monarchy had grown more powerful than Parliament d) That Parliament had grown more powerful than the monarchy

6. Before they could be crowned, William and Mary had to… a) b) c) d)

Agree to become Roman Catholics Promise to become absolute monarchs Accept the English Bill of Rights Agree to establish a democracy

7. Which one of the following was not a document an English was forced to sign? a) b) c) d)

English Bill of Rights Petition of Right Magna Carta Declaration of Independence

8. Which document signed by King John in 1215, helped to establish the democratic “right of due process?” a) b) c) d)

Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights English Constitution

9. In a feudal society, what is the difference between a peasant and a serf?

10. What was the major significance of King Charles’ beheading?

Timeline • Create a timeline – From the Magna Carta to the English Bill of Rights. (textbook p. 42-46) • Include Kings, wars, relevant countries, important documents, people and events. • Be creative – Use as many visuals (drawings, pictures) as possible – Use blank computer paper or poster board – Timeline does not have to be horizontal

1. What is the significance of the Magna Carta? a) It approved money for wars in France b) It asserted that the monarch (king) must obey the law c) It allowed the monarch to abolish Parliament d) It limited the power of the pope

2. Which of the following rights in the US Bill of Rights comes from a provision in the Magna Carta? a) Freedom of speech b) Freedom of religion c) The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness d) The right to due process of law

3. Which statement best summarizes the idea of representative government as its was established in the English Bill of Rights? a) Powers not granted to the king are kept by the people b) Laws are made and carried out by a group that acts for the people c) A strong central government protects individual freedoms

4. The English Civil War was fought between… a) b) c) d)

Puritans and Protestants Parliament and the king The two Houses of Parliament The Stuarts and the Tudors

5. What did the Glorious Revolution prove? a) That England would no longer accept a king b) That the Magna Carta was accepted throughout England c) That the monarchy had grown more powerful than Parliament d) That Parliament had grown more powerful than the monarchy

6. Before they could be crowned, William and Mary had to… a) b) c) d)

Agree to become Roman Catholics Promise to become absolute monarchs Accept the English Bill of Rights Agree to establish a democracy

7. Which one of the following was not a document an English was forced to sign? a) b) c) d)

English Bill of Rights Petition of Right Magna Carta Declaration of Independence

8. Which document signed by King John in 1215, helped to establish the democratic “right of due process?” a) b) c) d)

Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights English Constitution

9. In a feudal society, what is the difference between a peasant and a serf?

Peasant works the land for money

Serf is like a slave. He or she Is tied to the land

10. What was the major significance of King Charles’ beheading?

Philosophes Draw a Venn diagram and compare and contrast Hobbes’ and Locke’s views on the role of government. • Thomas Hobbes • John Locke – How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views on the role of government?

Create a table and write about the work and ideas of the following people. • Montesquieu • Voltaire • Dennis Diderot • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Mary Wollstonecraft • Adam Smith (physiocrat) – What is the difference between Mercantilism and Laissez-Faire?

Homework • Read John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government – Page 59 in textbook – Answer Thinking Critically Questions • 1 and 2

• Redo your Venn Diagram of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

Pop Quiz Philosophy in the Age of Reason 1. Who believed that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish? a) b) c) d)

Dennis Diderot Mary Wollstonecraft Thomas Hobbes John Locke

2. What is the “social contract?” a) Agreement between the three branches of govt. b) Agreement between the govt. and the people c) Agreement between the citizens of a country

3. What type of government did Thomas Hobbes support? a) b) c) d)

Democratic republic Absolute Monarchy Constitutional monarchy Oligarchy

4. According to John Locke, why did people form governments? a) To defend their land b) To protect their natural rights c) To ensure the institution of slavery

5. According to Locke, what should happen to a government that violates the people it governs? a) b) c) d)

Absolutely nothing New representatives should be elected They should be imprisoned It should be overthrown and replaced

6. According to Locke, what was the best kind of government? a) b) c) d)

Monarchy Dictatorship Republic Constitutional monarchy

7. Who attacked corrupt governments, inequality and the slave trade? a) b) c) d)

Thomas Hobbes Baron de Montesquieu Adam Smith Voltaire

8. Who called for equal education for boys and girls? a) b) c) d)

John Locke Sponge Bob Mary Wollstonecraft Pancho Villa

9. Who published the Encyclopedia? a) b) c) d)

Voltaire Dennis Diderot Abraham Lincoln Rousseau

10. Which two groups reacted negatively to the publishing of the Encyclopedia? a) b) c) d)

The English King and the Pope The French government and the Pope The German barbarians and the Scandinavian Vikings Mr. Dabbs and Mrs. Beltran

11. Who presented the idea of three branches of government and checks and balances? a) b) c) d)

Rousseau Voltaire Hobbes Smith

6. Who presented the idea about natural rights? p55 7. What did Montesquieu think was necessary to protect liberty? 8. What did Rousseau write about in his book, The Social Contract?

16. What is the difference between mercantilism and Laissez-Faire? 17. Who wrote the “Wealth of Nations?”

John Locke

Thomas Hobbes

Ch. 2 Section 1

Philosophy in the Age of Reason Vocabulary

1.

Natural laws •

Laws that govern human nature •

2.

Social contract •

3.

Agreement where the people give up certain rights in order to be protected by the government

Natural rights •

Rights that belong to all people from birth 1.

4.

Right to life, liberty and property

Philosophe •

5.

Thinkers, or “lovers of wisdom”

Laissez-faire •

6.

Gravity and magnetism

Government does not interfere with the operation of businesses.

Mercantilism

Great Britain Moscow England London

Paris

Russia Berlin

Poland

Vienna

Austria France

Country Capital

Great Britain

Frederick the Great Catherine the Great Moscow

England London

Paris

Russia Berlin

Poland

Vienna

Austria France Emperor Joseph II Country Capital

Enlightened Despots

Monarchy to Limited Monarchy Timeline Parliament Was created 1295

1215 King John Signed the Magna Carta

Charles I Absolute Monarch

1603 King James I Absolute Monarch

English Civil War King vs Parliament 1642-1649

1622 King Chares I Signed the Petition of Right

1649 Charles Beheading

Great Revolution

1689 William And Mary Sign the English Bill OF Rights

• Do I or any other employee have the right to search your property when you are on campus?

YES But, we have to have reasonable cause Reason for search

Thomas Hobbes Wrote; Leviathon He wrote that people are Naturally cruel, greedy, and Selfish. 17th century English Philosophes

John Locke Wrote: Two Treatises Of Government He believed that people had the Right to live, to be free and To own property

Thinker’s works and ideas 1. Montesquieu

Separation of Powers legislative, executive, and judicial. Checks and Balances

2. (Voltaire) • Supported

3. Dennis Diderot

free speech

•Published the Encyclopedia

4. Rousseau

•He believed that the people had the right to remove a govt. that did not protect them.

5. Mary Wollstonecraft

•She believed educating boys and girls would bring equality

6. Adam Smith (physiocrat)

•Book: Wealth of Nations •Supported laissez-faire over mercantilism

Enlightenment Period • Enlightenment Period • 17th -18th century European intellectual movement

• Enlightened Despot – Ruler who has been enlightened by the writings of philoshopes such as, Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, etc. – These rulers want to improve the lives of the people

Frederick the Great

Catherine the Great

Emperor Joseph II

•Enlightened Despot •Prussia

•E. D. •Russia

•E.D. • Austria

•Reduced Torture

•Abolished torture

•Tolerated different religions •Freedom of the Press

•Tolerated different •Tolerated different religions religions •Disagreed with serfdom •Abolished serfdom (slavery)

Russia

Austria

Enlightened Despots

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1. The European intellectual movement that emphasized that the government should protect people’s natural rights was called the… a) b) c) d)

Glorious Revolution Reformation Enlightenment Great Awakening

2. The phrase “natural rights” is original to and central to the writings of which philosopher? a) b) c) d)

John Locke Montesquieu Rousseau James Madison

3. The Declaration of Independence reflects the Enlightenment in that it expresses the philosophy that the power of government comes from… a) b) c) d)

God The people Natural rights The Constitution

4. Which statement best summarizes the role of government in the “social contract?” a) Its basis is the rights and responsibilities of the people b) It has legislative, executive, and judicial responsibilities c) It guarantees life, liberty, and the ownership of property d) Its main purpose is to interpret laws

5. What principle is directly reflected in the division of a government into three branches?

Enforce Laws

a) b) c) d)

Natural laws Separation of powers Make Laws The social contract Democracy and independence

Interpret Laws

Britain

Native Americans Spaniards (white) (black) (Arab)

Mestizo

Spain

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Flow Chart After 1763: 1. Britain made new taxes on the American colonies

1770: 2. Five protesters died in the Boston Massacre. •

1773: 3. Boston Tea Party to protest a tax on tea. •

Colonist attack the British

British attack colonist

April 1775: 4. Revolutionary War begins between American colonies and the British

Flow Chart July 4, 1776: 5. Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence

1777: 6. American victory at Battle of Saratoga. France joins American side.

1781 7. The British surrender at Yorktown

1783 8. Treaty of Paris signed. End of the Revolutionary War.

1. George Washington led the colonists

Flow Chart 1787: 9. Delegates wrote new Constitution for the U.S. 1. They wrote it because the Articles of Confederation were too weak 2. New Constitution had a Bill of Rights 1. First ten Amendments

U.S. Bill of Rights first 10 Amendments

1. Amendment • Freedoms • • • • •

religion Speech Press To assemble To petition the Government

Amendment 2, 3, 4 2. The right to bear arms •

Can own and carry a weapon

3. Government can’t force you to house a soldier in your home 4. Right to privacy 1. No illegal searches of property or person without a warrant of probable cause 1. Only the area stated on the warrant can be searched

Amendment 5 5. Cannot be tried twice for the same crime

1. Who did these colonies belong to before 1776?

New Hampshire

New York

Pennsylvania Philadelphia Delaware

Virginia

Maryland

Richmond

North Carolina South Carolina Wilmington

Georgia

Charles Town Savannah

Massachusetts Boston Rhode Island Connecticut New York City New Jersey

New Hampshire

New York

Pennsylvania Philadelphia Delaware

Virginia

Maryland

Richmond

North Carolina South Carolina Wilmington

Georgia

Charles Town Savannah

Massachusetts Boston Rhode Island Connecticut New York City New Jersey

Section 2

Enlightenment Ideas Spread Vocabulary

• Salon – A place were artist, writers, scientists, and philosophers went.

• Enlightened despot – Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about change

• Baroque – Ornate Style of art popular in the 1600s.

Enlightenment ideas Spread Reviewing key terms

10. Salon 11. Enlightened Despot 12. baroque 13. What were Catherine II contribution to Russia? 14. What is serfdom and in which country did serfdom become more rooted in society? 15. What did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart accomplish that made him important?

Great Britain A. North Sea

B. Manchester C. England D. London E. Scotland F. Dublin G. Ireland H. English Channel

I. Wales

Scotland

Ireland England

Great Britain Atlantic Ocean

Scotland

Ireland

England

France

Section 3

Britain at Mid-Century FACTOR

• Geography

• War

• Business Climate

EXPLANATION

• Britain is an island. Its location made it well placed to control trade • Britain had a powerful military. victory brought new land • Had fewer restrictions on trade than France

Britain at Mid-Century FACTOR

EXPLNATION

• Union with Scotland

• Created a larger market for farmers and manufactures

• Ireland

• Tories and Whigs helped keep a balance between the king and rebels

Section 3

Constitutional Government Political Parties 6.Whigs and Tories kept a balance between the king and the rebels.

The Prime Minister

The Cabinet 7. The Cabinet help to set policy, but it could be abolished.

8. The leader of the cabinet and Parliament.

Section 3

Reviewing Key Terms • Constitutional Government – A government whose power is defined and limited by law

• Oligarchy – A government in which the ruling power belongs to a few people

• Prime Minister – The leader of the cabinet and leader fo the majority party in Parliament

Problems begin • French and Indian War – After this war, King George began to tax the colonist to pay for the war. – Colonist did not like being taxed without having a say/vote. • No taxation without representation – At the time they didn’t have any representation in Parliament

Key People and terms 10. Thomas Jefferson: •

Wrote the document that declared American independence from Britain

11. Treaty of Paris •

12.

Ended the American Revolutionary War against Britain Navigation Acts

Key People and terms 10. Continental Congress •

Group of American colonial leaders who decided to set up an army and fight Britain

11. Battle of Saratoga •

This battle was a turning point of the war. When Americans won this battle, the French decided to help Americans fight the British.

Ch 1 Section 4 1. What was the name of the treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War? 2. Where did the ideas for the Constitution originate? 3. Why did colonists resent the British taxes they were required to pay? 4. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 5. Why did delegates gather to write a Constitution?

6. What was the name of the Battle that convinced the French to join the American side? 7. What was the name of the colonial leaders who made decisions during the American Revolution? 8. Why did colonists in Boston hold the Boston Tea Party?