File

Learning Targets: 1. What events helped to diminish the prestige of the Catholic Church and the Papacy (Causes of the Reformation) 2. What is a reformation? 3. What event caused the outbreak of the Reformation? 4. What were the main ideas of teaching of Martin Luther?

1. 100 Years War and Black Death 2. Great Schism 3. Conciliarism and Marsiglio of Padua 4. Modern Devotion and Gerard Groote

5. Corruption within the Catholic Church 6. Renaissance Papacy 7. Printing Press 8. English Lollardy (John Wyclif) 9. Hussitism (John Hus) 10. Christian Humanists

Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany Father encouraged him to study law A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

The “SPARK” of the Reformation • Sale of Indulgences • Johan Tetzel – construction of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome

A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

•

Rested on 3 main ideas: 1. Salvation by faith alone. 2. Priesthood of all believers. 3. Bible as sole authority in religious affairs.

Posted his 95 Theses on Wittenburg Church doors in Germany

Gutenburg’s Printing Press Made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Gained support from people and criticism from Church

• Pope Leo X – Tried to silence Luther • Issue a Papal Bull

He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

The Reformation • Charles V steps in (Pope Leo powerless to stop Luther). – Why does he want to stop Luther?

• Luther summoned to Worms to stand trial for his teachings – Diet of Worms • Luther was asked to recant (take back) what he had said and written – What does Luther do?

Diet of Worms

The Reformation • Charles V – Issued the Edict of Worms: • Edict of Worms: – Luther is officially excommunicated – Declared an outlaw and a heretic • What is a heretic?

Effects of Luther’s Teachings 1. Lutheranism Spread Quickly 2. Peasant Revolt of 1524 “Smite, slay and stab the stupid and stubborn peasantry” – Luther, Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants

3. Lutheranism Adopted in German States - Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church

“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

Lutheranism was formed The protesting German princes and reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

Learning Targets 1. Identify and explain the beliefs of other protestant groups that began to form as a result of the Protestant reformation. 2. Identify areas on the map of Europe where Protestantism and Catholicism existed.

Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” -

Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

Anti-Catholic

Influenced by Martin Luther Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Foreknowledge God knows everything that will happen in your life

Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Presbyterian

PuritanHugeunots