First Five

 Answer these two questions:  1. Why would Washington warn against political

parties and entangling alliances? Think about the possible dangers of each.  2. If you were back in the 1790s, which party would you be for; the Federalists or the Republicans? Why? Think about which philosophies you agree with.

 John Adams (Federalist) vs Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-

Republican)

 Federalist  From Massachusetts  Lawyer—Harvard  Vice President under

Washington  President 1796-1800

• French angry over Jay’s Treaty • French continued to seize ships • Sent 3 delegates over to Paris to negotiate • Delegates were to meet with French foreign minister

Talleyrand Instead met with three low level officials (XYZ) • XYZ tried to force American officials to pay $250,000 • American’s outraged with French • US began to build a navy seize French ships

 Anti-French sentiment continues Americans think

French agents are everywhere.  This leads to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien Acts

Sedition Acts

 Raised Residence

 Government could jail

requirement to become a citizen from 5 years to 14 years  President could deport or jail any alien considered undesirable

and fine anyone who expresses “false, scandalous, and malicious statements against the government.”

 Write down on your index card:  Do you think the Alien and Sedition Acts were

constitutional? Why or why not?  Think about what they prohibit  What amendment or right does this possibly break?

 Jefferson and Madison strongly disagreed with the

Alien and Sedition Acts  Passed resolutions that were approved in KY and VA  Stated that the Acts should be nullified  VA and KY stated that they had the right to declare null and void federal laws that broke the Constitution

 Thomas Jefferson-

 John Adams-Federalist

DemocraticRepublican  Supported by poor farmers  Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights

 Supported by wealthy  Supported strong Fed

Gov’t

 From Virginia  





Monticello Anti-Federalist Main Author of the Declaration of Independence Vice President under Adams Third President of the United States

 Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases

Supreme Court Judges to 16  Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office “midnight judges”  Marbury was one  Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

 Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following

the Judiciary Act  Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional  Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

 The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of

Congress unconstitutional  Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution  Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

Election of 1800  Thomas

JeffersonDemocraticRepublican  Supported by poor farmers  Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights

 John

AdamsFederalist  Supported by wealthy  Supported strong Fed Gov’t

Thomas Jefferson   





From Virginia Monticello Anti-Federalist Main Author of the Declaration of Independence Vice President under Adams Third President of the United States

Marbury vs Madison  Adams

passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16  Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office “midnight judges”  Marbury was one  Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

Marbury vs. Madison  Marbury

sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act  Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional  Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

Judicial Review  The

ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional  Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution  Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

Marshall Court  McCulloch

vs Maryland  Issue: Do states have the right to tax a federal agency?  Decision:   

No, states cannot tax a federal agency Rule Bank of US constitutional Strengthens federal power

Marshall Court  Gibbons

vs Ogden  Issue: Whether the New York law that prohibited vessels (ships) licensed by the US from navigating the waters of New York was unconstitutional and therefore void.  Decision: 

Only Congress has the power to regulate interstate trade

Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase  Bought

in 1803 from France  Doubles the land in the US  Expands presidential power

Lewis and Clark  Sent

to explore the new territory  Take down information and data on land, plants and animals

Embargo of 1807  Britain

is blockading France by sea to hurt trade  seize 1,000 American Ships  Impress American Sailors (kidnap and force American sailors to fight in British Navy)  Jefferson declares an embargo ban on exporting goods to other countries  Goal: to hurt Britain and other European powers economically  Result: Hurts Americans more  Embargo lifted in 1809