Flight Procedures 2

FP-2

T-44 Ops Limits

Overview • • • • • •

System Limitations Propeller Limitations Starting Limitations Engine Limitations Airspeed Limitations Miscellaneous Limitations

Instrument Markings Limit above or below which continued operation is likely to cause damage or shorten life Safe or normal range of operation

Special attention should be given…Operation is permissible, but should be avoided

Power Definitions Max Allowable

Max power available from the engines for takeoff. Time limited to 5 minutes.

Max Continuous

Max power available from the engines not time limited. Intended for emergency use.

Cruise Climb

The maximum power approved for a normal climb.

Cruise

Power required to maintain level flight at a desired altitude and normal airspeed. Cruise power will vary w/ altitude & airspeed.

Propeller Limitations

Propeller RPM (N2) Normal:

1800 - 2200 RPM

Maximum:

2200 RPM

Acceleration: 2420 RPM (2 sec) Max Reverse: 2100 RPM 900-1100 RPM

Idle:

--> else low pitch torque check

Overspeed Test:

1900-2100 RPM

Overspeed Gov:

2288 +/- 40 (4%)

Fuel Topping:

2332 RPM (6%)

--> resets overspeed gov

Note: N2 limits are NOT propeller limitations, but instead correspond to stress limits of the engine power section

Starter Limitations

Starting Limitations Min VDC for APU Charge

18 VDC

Min VDC for APU Start

20 VDC

Min VDC for Batt Start

22 VDC

Starter Cycle:

40 sec on, 60 sec off 40 sec on, 60 sec off 40 sec on, 30 min off

Start ITT Limitations 1. ITT 1090 ____ deg C for __ 2 seconds -- ITT approaches 925 ___ deg C -- Stop start, check BATT, APU start?

-- Report temp & duration if > 925 deg C

2. ITT on operative engine approaches 790 ___ deg C -- Stop start -- Reset N1 to 85 percent & reattempt the start

Engine Limitations

Engine Torque Max Time

RPM RPM 2200 1900

Max Allowable

5 Minutes

1315

Max Continuous

Continuous

1315 1520 1520

Cruise Climb

Continuous

1315 1520 1520

Cruise

Continuous

1315 1520 1520

Acceleration

2 Seconds

2100

Condition

Note 1: Torque limits between 1900 and 2200 RPM vary linearly between 1315 and 1520 Ft-Lb

ITT Condition Max Allowable Max Continuous Cruise Climb Cruise Lo-Idle Starting Acceleration Max Reverse

Max Time 5 Minutes Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous 2 Seconds 2 Seconds 1 Minute

Max ITT 790 790 790 790 765 765 740 740 685 685 1090 1090 850 850 790 790

Note 1: High ITT in Lo-Idle may be decreased by reducing accessory load and/or increasing N1 speed Note 2: High gen loads at low N1 speeds may cause the ITT acceleration temp limit to be exceeded. Observe the generator load limits for specific N1 speeds (See chart in NATOPS, pg. 4-5).

CAUTION Engine torque and ITT limits are determined by ambient temperature. During operations requiring maximum engine performance, be aware of whether torque, or ITT limits govern. Remember, cold temperature or low altitude - torque limited, while hot temperature or high altitude is ITT limited.

N1 % Condition

Max Allowable Max Continuous Cruise Climb Cruise Acceleration Max Reverse

Max Time

N1 %

5 Minutes Continuous Continuous Continuous 2 Seconds 1 Minute

101.5 101.5 101.5 101.5 102.6 86

Note 1: Ground operations above 3500 foot pressure altitude (PA) may produce idle speeds as high as 83-percent N1 at low idle. Note 2: For every 10 deg C below -30 deg C ambient temperature, reduce maximum allowable N1 by 2.2%

Anybody from Wyoming???

Oil Pressure & Temperature

Condition Max Allowable Max Continuous Cruise Climb Cruise Hi-Idle Lo-Idle Starting Acceleration Max Reverse

Max Time

PSI

5 Minutes Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous -----2 Seconds 1 Minute

85 - 100 85 - 100 85 - 100 85 - 100 -----40 (min) ----------85-100

Deg C 10 - 99 10 - 99 10 - 99 10 - 99 -40 - 99 -40 - 99 -40 (min) 10 - 99 10 - 99

Oil Pressure & Temperature Notes -- Normal oil pressure is 85-100 PSIG at power settings above 72% N1. -- Oil pressure below 85 PSIG is undesirable and may be used only for completion of a flight, and then at a reduced power setting. Low oil pressure should be corrected prior to next flight. -- During ground operations, oil pressures below 40 PSIG require engine shutdown -- During flight, oil pressure below 40 PSIG is unsafe and requires either engine shutdown or use of minimum power until a landing can be made.

Airspeed Limitations

25

Airspeed Limitations Aircraft Speed

SL to 15,500 FT

227 KIAS

Aircraft Speed

15,500 - 30,000 FT

See Note

Smooth Air

Gear & Flaps Down

140 KIAS

Turbulent Air

Gear & Flaps Down

140 KIAS

Landing Gear

Extension

155 KIAS

Landing Gear

Retraction

145 KIAS

Flaps

Extension 35% (App)

174 KIAS

Flaps

Extended 100% (Full)

140 KIAS

Note: Decrease speed 4 KIAS for every 1000 ft above 15,500 ft

Miscellaneous Limitations

Fuel Management

** Do not takeoff if gauges are in the yellow arcs or < 265 lbs ** AVGAS is limited to 150 hours before overhaul ** Both boost pumps must be operable prior to takeoff ** Suction boost limited to 10 hrs between fuel pump overhaul

Weight Limitations

Max Ramp

9710 lbs

Max Takeoff

9650 lbs

Max Landing

9168 lbs

Caution The following actions may result in aircraft damage and SHALL be avoided: -- Landing on arresting gear cable -- Nosewheel contact with cable risers above taxi speed -- Braking during cable rollover -- Operation above taxi speed over arresting gear rigged with boots (tire segments)

Questions ???