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The lymphatic system The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels. This system includes all structures dedicated to the production and circulation of lymphocytes, which are the main players in our immune system.

The most important lymphocytes are the B-Cells (antibody production) and T-Cells (allocative functions, and destruction of damaged tissue). These grow in the bone marrow and the thymus. They are very prevalent in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, mucous membranes and the digestive system as well as in the lungs. http://thoracicduct.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Lymphatic-System.gif

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The lymphatic system • • • • • •

Capillaries Lymphoid follicles Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels and ducts Cisterna Chyli Left and right subclavian vein

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The Lymphatic system Function: • • • •

Removal of interstitial fluid Absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system Transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes to the bones Transports antigen-presenting cells to the nodes where an immune response is stimulated

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Layout: Lymphatic vessels

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Impurities

Metabolic products

Interstitial Fluid

Lymph capillaries K-Active Taping • Specialised Course: K-Active Taping in Lymphology

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The Lymph • • • • •

The name derives from the Roman deity of fresh water, Lympha It is the link between the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma It has a pH of 7,41 and density of 1,14gr/cm3 Approx. 2,4 litres a day are reabsorbed into the venous system Contents: white blood cells, protein, fibrinogen, enzymes, lymphocytes • Fats (triglycerdes) from the digestive system called chyle are also released into the lymph • Pathogens can be absorbed into the lymph however these are normally dealt with by the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes

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Lymph node – filter and protector

Through the Lymph nodes into the Lymphatic trunks, through the venous angles into the blood system

Precollectors Collectors Bundle of collectors Capillaries

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KINESIOLOGISCHES TAPING VON K-ACTIVE – FÜHREND IN EUROPA

Lymph nodes and lymphatic watersheds Lymph nodes

Watersheds

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Driving forces of the lymphatic system

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KINESIOLOGISCHES TAPING VON K-ACTIVE – FÜHREND IN EUROPA

Lymphatic Applications

Interrupted lymphatic system

Intact lymphatic system

Post OP Post traumata Haematoma Lymphoma Insufficiencies Pregnancy Grazes

Scars and fibrosis

Oncology (removal of lymph nodes) Amputation Post OP

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Categorisation of oedema treatments

Category 1

Category 2

 Lymphedema  Venous oedema  Lipoedema  Orthostatic oedema Physikalische  Idiopathic oedema  Oedemas induced byist Ödemtherapie diuretics die einzige oder  Oedemas post trauma eine wesentliche  Vaso-vegetative Therapie. Oedema  Oedema through inactivity  ischaemic induced oedema  Chronic inflammatory oedema

Physikalische Ödemtherapie kommt nur dann zum Pathological pregnancy Einsatz, wenn induced oedema Basistherapie, eine Oedemas caused by meist protein deficiencies medikamentöser Art, nicht ausreichend wirkt.

Category 3

 Oedema through kidney failure  Cardiac induced oedema Physikalische  Acute allergic oedema  Toxic oedema Ödemtherapie ist  Endocrine oedema grundsätzlich nicht  Medication induced oedema indiziert.  Diet induced oedema  Angioedema Altitude oedema

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Categorisations of Oedemas

rich in protein  Reduced indentation

low in protein  Increased indentation

generalised  Allways symmetrical

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localised  Can be one-sided only

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Contraindications

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Open wounds

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Erysipelas

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Unclear status of tumours

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Cardiac insufficiency

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Thrombosis

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Goals and effect of the lymphatic taping Goals:  Production of lymph  Increase lymph volume  Increase speed of lymphatic flow  Crossing over the watersheds  Support over and around scars Effect:  Increased removal of interstitial fluid, substances and structural remains  Change pH-Levels  Reduction of swelling and tension within peripheral structures  Reduce activity of receptors K-Active Taping • Specialised Course: K-Active Taping in Lymphology

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Application principles Prior to applying:  Skin must be dry and free of oils  Measure the tape in a stretched position  Rule out contraindications Whilst applying:  Ensure patient is well supported  Area to be treated should be stretched  Apply tape with 0-10% stretch

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Application principles when lymphatic system is intact   

Base applied with direction of flow Tape applied with 0-10% stretch Stretch the skin and surrounding structures

Application principles when lymphatic system is not intact    

Base applied with direction of flow Cross over the watersheds with the drainage effect towards the healthy area Most of the time applied in combination with taping extremities Tape applied with 0-10% stretch

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Lymph nodes of the neck

Indication application neck

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Indication application: Post-Op Knee

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Indication application: Sprained ankle

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Indication application: Haematoma

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Indication application: Swelling and scars

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Lymphatic swelling

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Indication application: Leg

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Problems arising due to scars There is NOT SUFFICIENT Myofascial extension thus distortions can occur. Problems can then arise in the hip, in the shoulder or anywhere in between

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Scar testing - a variation

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Indication application: Scar taping

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Range of motion without and with the tape

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Indication application: Breast augmentation

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Indication application for breast cancer: Scar taping

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Breast cancer: Lymphatic fans for crossing watersheds

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Breast cancer: Lymphatic fans for crossing watersheds

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Breast cancer: Lymphatic fans for crossing watersheds

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Breast cancer: Lymphatic taping for the extremities

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Fibrosis

Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in a reparative or reactive process. This is opposed to formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ of tissue. Scarring is confluent fibrosis that obliterates the architecture of the underlying organ or tissue.

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Indication application: Fibrosis

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Indication application: Fibrosis

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Special variety: crossed fans Stability and increased lymphatic flow

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Special variety: crossed fans Stability and increased lymphatic flow

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