From Lenin to Stalin Lecture Notes

January 6, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: History, European History, War And Revolution (1914-1938), Russian Revolution
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The Russian Revolution pt II Lecture From Lenin to Stalin Lecture Notes

The Russian Civil War • After Lenin seized control of Russia in October 1918, the country fell into a 3 year Civil War – White Army –loyalists to the Czar – Red Army –Communists workers and soldiers

• In the onslaught of the Red Army, Kerensky helped Nicholas II and his family to escape the Red Terror • The Red Army soon found them in a basement and executed Nicholas and his entire family

The Russian Civil • The war claimed 15 million Russian lives during the fighting • Most of the Russian economy had been completely destroyed ie factories, bridges, roads, and farms

• In the end, the Lenin and the Bolsheviks had beaten back the Whites and formally declared Russia a Communist State

Russia after the Revolution • A new Constitution for a "democratic" socialist country with an Elected Legislature and all citizens had the right to vote • United all Russian Republics under one Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic • In reality the Communist party remained supreme, used secret police and held most of the power

Lenin's Policies • Lenin needed to rebuild the economy and industry after the Civil War • Created New Economic Plan (NEP) • Small business could remain in private ownership for profit; some capitalism • The state controlled banks, trade and large industries • The Russian Economy slowly gained strength again

The Death of Lenin • The years of revolution and civil war had severe effects on Lenin’s health • After 2 strokes and an assassination attempt, Lenin resigned from active politics in 1922.

• In March 1923, he suffered a 3rd stroke and was no longer able to speak • He died in January 1924 at the age of 53

Stalin's Rise to Power • Lenin preferred Leon Trotsky as a successor • Lenin believed Stalin was too powerful and not tolerant enough • Trotsky was a scholar and leader of the Communist Revolution • Stalin was a politician in the Communist party that had amassed great power through organizing his loyal group of followers.

Stalin's Rise to Power • Stalin was from the peasant class so he had a lot of support from the Russian people. • Stalin pressured Trotsky out of the Communist Party • Trotsky left the USSR in 1929 and fled to Mexico • He was murdered by a secret agent of Stalin's

Stalin’s Plan • Soviet citizens would work not for the individual for the overall good of the working class • He called the economic plan the FIVE-YEAR PLAN. – The government decided the quantity, and price of all products such as tanks, airplanes and tractors.

• All private industry is state owned. • He called for construction of massive industrial centers to support military buildup and a strong economy. • Peasants had to give up their small plots of land for stateowned farms- Collectivation

Totalitarianism in Russia • Stalin had brought the Soviet Union into a complete totalitarian state • Russians lost their freedoms, could not earn a better life, and lived in fear of the government • Stalinist Russia set the stage for other Totalitarians to rise up and establish complete control over their countries and their people

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